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A master's thesis from Aalborg University

Constructing Legitimacy in the Age of AI Advertising: A Comparative Study of Audience Responses to Coca-Cola and Pepsi

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2026

Submitted on

Abstract

This thesis investigates how social media users construct and challenge the legitimacy of AI-generated advertising compared with human-led, non-AI-framed corporate communication. Using a qualitative comparative case study design, it analyses approximately 280 YouTube comments responding to two recent campaigns: Coca-Cola’s AI-generated “Holidays Are Coming” commercial and Pepsi’s Super Bowl spot “The Choice,” which has been publicly framed and received as a human-led creative contrast. The comments are treated as qualitative textual data and coded using In Vivo Coding, Values Coding and Pattern Coding, combined with a linguistic textual analysis informed by Fairclough’s textual dimension, allowing the study to identify recurring expressions and values while examining how specific linguistic choices shape audience evaluations. The theoretical framework draws primarily on Suchman’s legitimacy theory, supplemented by concepts of authenticity, discourse communities and networked publics. The findings show that legitimacy is not a fixed property of corporate communication but is continuously negotiated through audience discourse. In the Coca-Cola case, many commenters describe the AI-generated advertisement as inauthentic, emotionally empty, visually unstable and socially irresponsible, thereby weakening moral, cognitive and pragmatic legitimacy and linking AI use to a loss of human creativity, artistic labour and sincerity. By contrast, Pepsi’s campaign is frequently constructed as more legitimate because it is associated with humour, human effort, creative intention and care, positioning Pepsi as a more engaging alternative to Coca-Cola’s AI-based approach. Across both cases, authenticity and perceived human involvement emerge as key criteria in legitimacy judgements, and repeated phrases such as “soulless AI,” “AI slop,” “real magic” and “genuine effort” help form shared evaluative vocabularies within the studied YouTube discourse communities. The thesis thus suggests that companies employing AI-generated advertising must look beyond technological quality and efficiency to consider how audiences interpret the relationship between technology, human creativity, emotion and corporate responsibility, since legitimacy cannot be assumed to follow automatically from advances in AI.

Dette speciale undersøger, hvordan sociale medie-brugere konstruerer og udfordrer legitimiteten af AI-genereret reklame sammenlignet med menneskeledet, ikke-AI-indrammet kommunikation. Med udgangspunkt i en kvalitativ, komparativ casestudie-tilgang analyseres cirka 280 YouTube-kommentarer til to aktuelle kampagner: Coca-Colas AI-genererede “Holidays Are Coming”-reklame og Pepsis Super Bowl-reklame “The Choice”, som i den offentlige debat opfattes som et menneskestyret kreativt modstykke. Kommentarerne behandles som kvalitativt tekstmateriale og kodes gennem In Vivo Coding, Values Coding og Pattern Coding kombineret med en sproglig tekstanalyse inspireret af Faircloughs tekstdimension, hvilket gør det muligt både at identificere tilbagevendende udtryk og værdier og at undersøge, hvordan konkrete sproglige valg former publikums vurderinger. Analysen bygger teoretisk på Suchmans legitimitetsteori, suppleret af begreber om autenticitet, diskursfællesskaber og netværksoffentligheder. Resultaterne viser, at legitimitet ikke er en fast egenskab ved virksomheders kommunikation, men løbende forhandles i publikums diskurser. I Coca-Cola-casen beskriver mange kommentatorer reklamen som uautentisk, følelsesmæssigt tom, visuelt ustabil og socialt uansvarlig, hvilket svækker både moralsk, kognitiv og pragmatisk legitimitet og knytter AI til tab af menneskelig kreativitet, kunstnerisk arbejde og oprigtighed. I kontrast fremstilles Pepsis kampagne ofte som mere legitim, fordi den forbindes med humor, menneskelig indsats, kreativ intention og omtanke, og Pepsi positioneres som et mere engagerende alternativ til Coca-Colas AI-tilgang. På tværs af begge cases fremstår autenticitet og oplevet menneskelig involvering som centrale kriterier for legitimitet, og gentagne udtryk som “soulless AI”, “AI slop”, “real magic” og “genuine effort” udvikler fælles evaluerende vokabularer i de undersøgte YouTube-diskursfællesskaber. Specialet peger dermed på, at virksomheder, der anvender AI-genereret reklame, ikke kun bør fokusere på teknisk kvalitet og effektivitet, men også på, hvordan målgrupper fortolker forholdet mellem teknologi, menneskelig kreativitet, følelser og virksomhedens ansvarlighed, da legitimitet ikke automatisk følger af teknologiske forbedringer.

[This abstract has been generated with the help of AI directly from the project full text]