CITY INFORMATION MODELING - A TOOL TO MAKE GERMAN CITIES AND CITIZENS MORE SUSTAINABLE?: An overview of sustainable behaviour inducing urban design principles, their application in Germany and an evaluation of the potentials of CIM fostering their application
Translated title
CITY INFORMATION MODELING - A TOOL TO MAKE GERMAN CITIES AND CITIZENS MORE SUSTAINABLE?
Author
Arp, Laura Monika
Term
4. Term
Publication year
2019
Submitted on
2019-06-07
Abstract
Byer står under pres fra urbanisering og klimaændringer, og der er behov for byudvikling, der er inkluderende, sikker, robust og bæredygtig. En vigtig vej er at flytte transportmiddelfordelingen (modal split) fra private biler til emissionsfri transport som gang og cykling. Det er særligt relevant i Tyskland, hvor den stigende bilejerskab har modvirket emissionsbesparelser fra forbedringer i motorer. Denne afhandling undersøger bydesignprincipper, der kan få flere borgere til at gå og cykle, samt vurderer det digitale planlægningsværktøj City Information Modelling (CIM). Der blev gennemført en onlineundersøgelse blandt fagfolk inden for byplanlægning i Tyskland, især i kommunale planlægningsafdelinger. Invitationen blev sendt til 868 praktikere (omkring to tredjedele fra kommunale forvaltninger), hvoraf 110 svarede, heraf 37 delvist. Derudover blev otte interviews gennemført med eksperter inden for 3D-bymodellering, smarte bymiljøer, Bygningsinformationsmodellering (BIM) og tyske planlægningsprocedurer. Resultaterne viser, at nogle bæredygtige bydesignprincipper allerede anvendes, fx blandede arealanvendelser og udbygning af cykelnettet, men at der stadig er betydelig plads til forbedring. Undersøgelsen peger også på mange potentielle fordele ved CIM, når teknologien bliver mere moden. CIM kombinerer 3D-bymodeller, geografiske data (GIS) og informationsmodellering, hvilket kan styrke planlægningen gennem visualisering, simulering og analyse. Det kan gøre beslutninger mere evidensbaserede og potentielt mere omkostningseffektive, fordi indsatserne kan målrettes bedre. Eksperterne var mere optimistiske omkring CIM end spørgeskemadeltagerne, der vurderede gevinsterne for deres egen organisation som fra begrænsede til moderate. Mulige forklaringer, såsom manglende kendskab til CIM og juridiske eller regulatoriske barrierer i Tyskland, drøftes. Samlet set kan CIM understøtte anvendelsen af bæredygtige bydesignprincipper, fremme gang og cykling og dermed styrke både økologisk og social bæredygtighed gennem bedre borgerinddragelse.
Cities are under pressure from urbanization and climate change, creating a need for urban development that is inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. Shifting the modal split away from private cars toward zero-emission travel such as walking and cycling is one important pathway. This is especially relevant in Germany, where rising private vehicle ownership has offset emission savings from cleaner engines. This thesis examines urban design principles that encourage walking and cycling, and assesses the digital planning tool City Information Modelling (CIM). An online survey was conducted among urban planning practitioners in Germany, particularly in municipal planning departments. Invitations were sent to 868 practitioners (about two-thirds from municipal administrations); 110 responded, including 37 partial responses. In addition, eight expert interviews were carried out with specialists in 3D city modeling, smart urban environments, Building Information Modelling (BIM), and German planning procedures. Findings show that some sustainable design principles are already in use—such as mixed land uses and expanding bicycle networks—but there remains substantial room for improvement. The study also identifies many potential benefits of CIM once the technology is more fully developed. CIM integrates 3D city models, geographic information system (GIS) data, and information modeling to support visualization, simulation, and analysis. This can make planning decisions more evidence-based and potentially more cost-effective by targeting interventions more precisely. Experts were more optimistic about CIM than survey respondents, who rated benefits for their organizations as only somewhat to moderate. Possible explanations discussed include limited awareness of CIM and legal or regulatory barriers in Germany. Overall, CIM could foster the application of sustainable urban design principles, encourage walking and cycling, and enhance ecological and social sustainability through expanded opportunities for public participation.
[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]
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