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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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China's Rise and Its Influence on the Governance of Migrants compared to the US

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2019

Abstract

This thesis examines how China’s economic rise affects the governance of migrants. Situated in the post–Cold War expansion of cross-border mobility, the study observes China’s shift from a historical pattern of emigration toward growing inflows of foreign workers and students, alongside challenges around irregular stays and visa misuse. The research asks how China’s rise will influence migrant governance and addresses it through a qualitative, document-based analysis drawing on academic literature, official statistics and reports, and international legal definitions. It adopts realism in international relations to frame states’ pursuit of national interests, and push-pull theory to explain how economic disparities shape migration flows. A comparative lens contrasts China with the United States as a long-standing migrant country with mature institutions. The analysis centers on three state interests: the quantity of labor, the quality of human capital (notably science and technology talent), and the maintenance of social order; it also reviews U.S. approaches to attracting labor and talent and to selecting migrants to sustain domestic order. The paper argues that the governance pressures China faces as it becomes more attractive resemble those historically experienced by the U.S., stemming from development gaps, and it suggests shifting from a narrow anti-smuggling focus to a more comprehensive system that integrates residence management and migration governance, informed by international experience and preventive measures. The study acknowledges reliance on secondary data and limited visibility into irregular migration, and situates the discussion amid strengthened border sensitivities and the politicization of migration.

Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan Kinas økonomiske opstigning påvirker forvaltningen af migranter. Med udgangspunkt i den postkolde krigs voksende grænseoverskridende mobilitet konstaterer studiet et skifte fra historisk udvandring til stigende indstrømning af udenlandske arbejdere og studerende i Kina, samtidig med udfordringer med irregulære ophold og visummisbrug. Forskningsspørgsmålet er, hvordan Kinas opstigning vil påvirke migrantforvaltningen, besvaret gennem en kvalitativ, dokumentbaseret analyse af akademisk litteratur, officielle statistikker og rapporter samt internationale juridiske definitioner. Teoretisk anvendes realisme i internationale relationer til at indramme staters jagt på nationale interesser og push-pull-teori til at forklare, hvordan økonomiske forskelle former migrationsstrømme. Et komparativt blik sammenligner Kina med USA som et etableret immigrationsland med udviklede institutioner. Analysen fokuserer på tre statslige interesser: mængden af arbejdskraft, kvaliteten af menneskelig kapital (særligt naturvidenskabelige og teknologiske talenter) og opretholdelse af samfundsorden; den gennemgår også amerikanske tilgange til at tiltrække arbejdskraft og talenter og til udvælgelse af migranter for at understøtte den indre orden. Afhandlingen argumenterer for, at de styringspres, Kina møder i takt med stigende attraktivitet, ligner USA’s historiske erfaringer og udspringer af udviklingsforskelle, og den foreslår et skifte fra et snævert fokus på bekæmpelse af menneskesmugling til et mere samlet system, der integrerer opholdsstyring og migrantgovernance, inspireret af internationale erfaringer og forebyggende tiltag. Studiet anerkender afhængighed af sekundære data og begrænset indsigt i irregulær migration og placerer diskussionen i en samtid præget af stærkere grænsebevidsthed og politisering af migration.

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