Chemosensory dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: A reason for higher consumption of sugar and salt? NHANES 2013-2014
Translated title
Kemosensorisk dysfunktion i diabetes mellitus: En årsag til højere indtagelse af sukker og salt? NHANES 2013-2014
Author
Andersson, Camilla Urup Noe
Term
4. term
Publication year
2017
Submitted on
2017-06-25
Pages
82
Abstract
I 2014 havde 422 millioner voksne diabetes mellitus. Diabetes kan påvirke smags- og lugtesansen (kemosensoriske funktioner). Dette studie analyserede data fra NHANES, en nationalt repræsentativ amerikansk sundheds- og ernæringsundersøgelse. Formålet var at undersøge, om voksne med diabetes—særligt dem med kroniske komplikationer som retinopati (øjne) og nefropati (nyrer)—oftere havde nedsat lugte- eller smagssans, og om sådanne nedsættelser hang sammen med større forbrug af sukker og salt sammenlignet med personer uden diabetes. Deltagerne blev inddelt i tre grupper: 304 med diabetes uden komplikationer, 199 med diabetes med komplikationer og 2.702 uden diabetes. Diabetes blev defineret som HbA1c over 6,5%, en blodprøve der afspejler gennemsnitligt blodsukker. Studiet sammenlignede forekomsten af nedsat lugte- og smagssans og vurderede kostindtaget. For at finde forudsigere for højere indtag af sukker og salt hos personer med diabetes blev der anvendt stepvis multipel lineær regression. Begge diabetesgrupper havde en højere andel med nedsat lugtesans (21,1–27,1%) end kontrolgruppen (15,5%). Der blev ikke fundet nogen sammenhæng mellem diabetes og nedsat smagssans. Sammenlignet med kontroller indtog personer med diabetes signifikant mindre sukker og færre kalorier, mens natriumindtaget var på samme niveau. I regressionsmodellerne var alder og køn de vigtigste forudsigere for fødevareindtag, og nedsat lugtesans var forbundet med et indtag, der var 359 kcal lavere. Disse fund tyder på, at diabetes er forbundet med nedsat lugtesans, men ikke smagssans, og at personer med diabetes kan indtage mindre sukker og energi end personer uden diabetes. Yderligere forskning bør belyse, hvordan smag og lugt påvirker spisevaner og madvalg hos personer med diabetes og i befolkningen generelt for at forebygge den fortsatte vækst i diabetes.
In 2014, 422 million adults worldwide had diabetes mellitus. Diabetes can affect the senses of taste and smell (chemosensory function). This study analyzed data from NHANES, a nationally representative US health and nutrition survey. The aim was to test whether adults with diabetes—especially those with chronic complications such as retinopathy (eyes) and nephropathy (kidneys)—were more likely to have impaired smell or taste, and whether such impairments were linked to greater sugar and salt consumption compared with people without diabetes. Participants were grouped into 304 with diabetes without complications, 199 with diabetes with complications, and 2,702 controls without diabetes. Diabetes was defined as HbA1c over 6.5%, a blood test that reflects average blood glucose. The study compared rates of smell and taste impairment and assessed dietary intake. To identify predictors of higher sugar and salt consumption among participants with diabetes, stepwise multiple linear regression was used. Both diabetes groups had higher rates of smell impairment (21.1–27.1%) than controls (15.5%). There was no relationship between diabetes and taste impairment. Compared with controls, people with diabetes consumed significantly less sugar and fewer total calories, while sodium intake was similar. In regression models, age and gender were the strongest predictors of food consumption, and smell impairment was associated with 359 fewer kcal consumed. These findings suggest that diabetes is associated with reduced smell but not taste, and that people with diabetes may consume less sugar and energy than those without diabetes. Further research should examine how taste and smell relate to eating habits and food choices in people with diabetes and in the general population to help prevent further growth of the diabetes epidemic.
[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]
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