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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Characterisation of Salicornia dolichostachya biomass, sugar-to-lipid conversion using Hermetia illucens and biorefinery to sustainable jet fuel

Authors

;

Term

4. semester

Publication year

2020

Pages

314

Abstract

Jordens tiltagende saltholdighed og voksende efterspørgsel efter biobrændstoffer danner baggrunden for at vurdere den salt-tolerante sukkulente halofyt S. dolichostachya som råvare til bioraffinering på forskellige vækststadier. Vi anvender en grøn fraktioneringsmetode, hvor planten deles i en flydende fraktion (grøn saft) og en fast fraktion (pulp/fiber). Fra pulpen adskilles forskellige stofgrupper med Soxhlet-ekstraktion, og den resterende lignocellulose (planternes strukturelle fibre) bruges som foder til larver af sort soldaterflue (BSFL) for at omdanne sukker til lipider (fedt). En computersimulering af en ASTM-godkendt HEFA-proces (hydrobehandlede estere og fedtsyrer) vurderer, om BSFL-lipider kan forarbejdes til bæredygtigt jetbrændstof. Fraktioneringen viser, at biomassen består af 47-69 vægt% grøn saft og 28-48 vægt% pulp. Op til 62 vægt% af pulpens tørstof er lignocellulose, og askeindholdet er relativt højt, fordi salte ophobes i halofyttens væv. Resultaterne viser desuden, at protein udgør 12-14 vægt% af det samlede tørstof. Plantens samlede lipidindhold er lavt, men stiger over tid, når der dannes frø. Fodringsforsøgene viser, at op til 40 vægt% af traditionelt BSFL-foder kan erstattes med biomasse af S. dolichostachya med kun små effekter på larvernes vækst, og at larverne opnår et lipidindhold på 38 vægt%. Simulation og tekno-økonomisk analyse indikerer, at den beskrevne jetbrændstofproduktion kun er rentabel med store mængder frisk biomasse og med forbehandling; ellers bliver de høje driftsomkostninger for dominerende. Derfor er der behov for yderligere forskning og optimering for mere præcist at vurdere S. dolichostachya som råvare og sukker-til-lipid-metoden i bioraffinering og produktion af flydende brændstoffer samt for at udvikle en robust proces.

Rising soil salinization and growing biofuel demand motivate this study of the salt-tolerant succulent halophyte S. dolichostachya as a feedstock for biorefineries at different growth stages. We use a green fractionation approach that separates the plant into a liquid “green juice” and a solid “pulp” fraction. Soxhlet extraction isolates different compound groups from the pulp, and the remaining lignocellulosic residue (the plant’s structural fibers) is fed to black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to convert sugars into lipids (fats). A computer-based (in silico) assessment applies the ASTM-approved HEFA route (hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids) to evaluate whether BSFL lipids can be upgraded to sustainable jet fuel. Fractionation shows the biomass contains 47-69 wt% green juice and 28-48 wt% pulp. Up to 62 wt% of the pulp dry matter is lignocellulose, and the ash content is relatively high because salts accumulate in halophyte tissues. Results also show that protein accounts for 12-14 wt% of total dry matter. The plant’s total lipid content is low but increases over time as seeds develop. Feeding trials indicate that up to 40 wt% of conventional BSFL feed can be replaced with S. dolichostachya biomass with only small effects on larval growth, yielding BSFL with 38 wt% lipids. Simulation and techno-economic analysis suggest that, with the tested process routes, inputs, and production rates, jet fuel production is profitable only with large amounts of fresh biomass and with pretreatment; otherwise, high operating costs make the process unprofitable. Further research and optimization are therefore needed to more accurately evaluate S. dolichostachya and the sugars-to-lipids pathway for biorefining and liquid fuel production, and to develop a robust process.

[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]