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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Challenges in the small district heating area in Denmark towards fossil fuel independent

Author

Term

4. Term

Publication year

2018

Pages

88

Abstract

This thesis examines how small district heating areas in Denmark can support the national goal of fossil fuel independence by 2050 and how 4th generation district heating (4GDH) can enable this transition. Using the case of Hørby–Thorshøj–Østervrå, the study applies Choice Awareness Theory alongside interviews, data collection, and 20-year energy system simulations in EnergyPRO. Three technical scenarios (straw; electricity and straw; solar, electricity and straw) are developed and assessed for technical performance, environmental aspects, and costs, complemented by both socio-economic and business-economic analyses. Findings indicate that the electricity and straw scenario is the most favorable technically and economically, while political and regulatory barriers—including natural gas binding, CHP requirements, the tax structure, and removal of the “grundbeløb”—may delay necessary investments. The thesis recommends adjustments to taxation and regulation and broad political agreement to create stable conditions for development. The analysis uses a simplified 4GDH model and a limited set of scenarios, so results are indicative but provide a useful decision basis for small district heating systems.

Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan mindre fjernvarmeområder i Danmark kan bidrage til målet om fossil uafhængighed inden 2050, og hvordan 4. generation fjernvarme (4GDH) kan understøtte denne omstilling. Med udgangspunkt i casen Hørby–Thorshøj–Østervrå anvendes Choice Awareness Theory som teoretisk ramme, kombineret med interviews, datainindsamling og 20-årige energisystemsimuleringer i EnergyPRO. Der opbygges og vurderes tre tekniske scenarier (halm; el og halm; sol, el og halm) ud fra teknisk ydeevne, miljøforhold og økonomi, suppleret af både samfundsøkonomisk og selskabsøkonomisk analyse. Resultaterne peger på, at scenariet med elektricitet og halm er det mest fordelagtige både teknisk og økonomisk, mens politiske og reguleringsmæssige barrierer—herunder naturgasbinding, kraftvarmekrav, afgiftsstruktur og fjernelse af grundbeløbet—kan forsinke nødvendige investeringer. Afhandlingen anbefaler ændringer i afgifts- og reguleringsrammer samt bred politisk opbakning for at skabe stabile vilkår for udviklingen. Analysen anvender en simplificeret 4GDH-model og et begrænset scenarieudvalg, hvilket betyder, at resultaterne skal ses som indikative, men giver et anvendeligt beslutningsgrundlag for små fjernvarmesystemer.

[This apstract has been generated with the help of AI directly from the project full text]