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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Beyond the Rating: Investigating the Impact of ESG Ratings on Stock Market Performance

Author

Term

4. semester

Publication year

2024

Submitted on

Pages

69

Abstract

This thesis examines whether ESG ratings are associated with short-term stock returns across sectors and regions. Using a balanced weekly panel of 107 U.S. and European firms in Energy, Technology, and Industrials over 56 weeks, it applies panel regressions that augment the Fama-French three-factor model with macroeconomic controls (interest rates and GDP) and forms portfolios to compare high- versus low-ESG groups. The analysis addresses common methodological issues in the ESG literature by combining factor controls, macro variables, and multiple portfolio tests, while acknowledging limitations such as reliance on a single ESG data provider, a short sample period, and limited sector coverage. Findings indicate that higher-rated ESG portfolios do not statistically significantly outperform lower-rated ones in the short term, suggesting that ESG ratings, as measured here, do not deliver systematic excess returns over the sample period. The study contributes to the sustainable investing debate by clarifying the short-term financial implications of ESG integration and highlighting measurement challenges.

Dette speciale undersøger, om ESG-ratings hænger sammen med kortsigtet aktieafkast på tværs af sektorer og regioner. Med et balanceret ugentligt panel af 107 amerikanske og europæiske virksomheder inden for Energi, Teknologi og Industri over 56 uger anvendes panelregressioner, der udvider Fama-French tre-faktormodellen med makroøkonomiske kontrolvariabler (renter og BNP), og der konstrueres porteføljer til at sammenligne høj- og lav-ESG. Analysen søger at imødegå udbredte metodiske udfordringer i ESG-litteraturen ved at kombinere faktorkontroller, makrovariabler og flere porteføljetests, men anerkender begrænsninger som afhængighed af én ESG-udbyder, en kort tidsperiode og snæver sektordækning. Resultaterne viser, at porteføljer med højere ESG-rating ikke overperformer statistisk signifikant i forhold til porteføljer med lavere ESG på kort sigt, hvilket antyder, at ESG-ratings, som målt her, ikke giver systematiske merafkast i perioden. Specialet bidrager til debatten om bæredygtige investeringer ved at tydeliggøre de kortsigtede finansielle implikationer af ESG-integration og fremhæve måleudfordringer.

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