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An executive master's programme thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


Bangladesh and the Rohingya Crisis: An Analysis of Official Discourse in International Forums

Author

Term

4. semester

Publication year

2026

Submitted on

Abstract

The Rohingya crisis has developed into a long-term refugee situation in Bangladesh since the large influx of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar in 2017. This thesis examines how Bangladesh presents and interprets the Rohingya crisis in international forums, using a post-structuralist discourse analysis of five official government documents issued between 2017 and 2025. The analysis compares the initial influx phase (2017–2018) with a later period (2024–2025). It focuses on how key actors are represented – including the Rohingya, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and the international community – and on how humanitarian and security-focused ways of talking about the crisis change over time. The findings show both continuity and change in Bangladesh’s official framing. In the initial phase, the crisis is mainly described in humanitarian terms, with the Rohingya portrayed as a forcibly displaced and vulnerable population in need of protection and assistance. In the later period, humanitarian concerns remain central but are increasingly combined with worries about social and economic impacts, environmental pressures, resource constraints, safe return, and internal and regional security. This indicates a re-articulation and broadening of how the crisis is understood, rather than a complete shift from a humanitarian to a purely security-oriented approach. Repatriation – the return of the Rohingya to Myanmar – is a consistent element in Bangladesh’s official position and is presented as the main long-term solution to the crisis. In the later period, however, Bangladesh places growing emphasis on ensuring that such return is safe, dignified, rights-based, voluntary, and sustainable. Overall, the study finds that Bangladesh frames the Rohingya crisis through a combination of humanitarian responsibility, awareness of the wider consequences of prolonged refugee hosting, and a strong focus on repatriation as a necessary solution.

Rohingya-krisen har udviklet sig til en langvarig flygtningesituation i Bangladesh siden den store tilstrømning af Rohingya-flygtninge fra Myanmar i 2017. Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan Bangladesh beskriver og fortolker Rohingya-krisen i internationale fora ved hjælp af en post-strukturalistisk diskursanalyse af fem officielle regeringsdokumenter udstedt mellem 2017 og 2025. Analysen sammenligner den første fase med massiv tilstrømning (2017-2018) med en senere periode (2024-2025). Der lægges især vægt på, hvordan centrale aktører fremstilles – herunder Rohingya, Bangladesh, Myanmar og det internationale samfund – samt på, hvordan den humanitære og sikkerhedsorienterede måde at tale om krisen udvikler sig over tid. Resultaterne viser både kontinuitet og forandring i den måde, Bangladesh officielt rammesætter krisen på. I den første fase beskrives krisen primært som et humanitært problem, hvor Rohingya fremstilles som en tvangsfordrevet og sårbar befolkningsgruppe, der har brug for beskyttelse og hjælp. I den senere periode er de humanitære hensyn stadig centrale, men kobles i stigende grad til bekymringer om sociale og økonomiske forhold, miljøpåvirkninger, pres på ressourcer, sikker og frivillig tilbagevenden samt intern og regional sikkerhed. Dette peger på en omformulering og udvidelse af forståelsen af krisen, snarere end et fuldstændigt skift fra en humanitær til en rent sikkerhedsorienteret tilgang. Repatriering – dvs. at Rohingya vender tilbage til Myanmar – er et gennemgående element i Bangladeshs officielle linje og præsenteres som den vigtigste langsigtede løsning på krisen. I den senere periode lægger Bangladesh dog i stigende grad vægt på, at en sådan tilbagevenden skal ske på en sikker, værdig, rettighedsbaseret, frivillig og bæredygtig måde. Overordnet viser studiet, at Bangladesh fremstiller Rohingya-krisen gennem en kombination af humanitært ansvar, opmærksomhed på konsekvenserne af langvarig flygtningemodtagelse og et stærkt fokus på repatriering som en nødvendig løsning.

[This abstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]