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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


Authenticity in Danish Viking Heritage Sites: Museum Practitioners' Perspectives on Material Evidence, Reconstruction, and Visitor Engagement

Author

Term

4. term

Education

Publication year

2026

Abstract

This thesis examines how authenticity is understood and negotiated at Danish Viking heritage sites where original archaeological evidence is combined with reconstruction and experiential interpretation. Drawing on Ning Wang’s (1999) framework of objective, constructive, and existential authenticity, the study adopts a qualitative design informed by constructivist and interpretivist perspectives. Five semi-structured interviews with museum practitioners from Jelling, the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde, Lindholm Høje Museum, Trelleborg, and Fyrkat were thematically analyzed through an abductive, iterative process. The findings show that authenticity is not a fixed attribute tied solely to originals or complete historical accuracy; rather, it emerges through ongoing interaction among material evidence, reconstruction, institutional authority, visitor expectations, and heritage interpretation. Practitioners emphasize both scientific credibility and the need to communicate in accessible, meaningful ways; reconstruction is framed as an interpretive, experimental, and revisable process rather than a simple reproduction of the past. Transparency about uncertainty is seen as vital to credible communication, while popular culture shapes visitor expectations and thus how authenticity is negotiated on site. The thesis contributes to heritage and tourism debates by clarifying how archaeology, reconstruction, institutional authority, and visitor engagement are balanced as a dynamic practice in contemporary Viking heritage presentation.

Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan autenticitet forstås og forhandles i danske vikingearvssteder, hvor originale arkæologiske fund ofte kombineres med rekonstruktioner og oplevelsesorienteret formidling. Med udgangspunkt i Ning Wangs (1999) ramme om objektiv, konstruktiv og eksistentiel autenticitet anvendes et kvalitativt design informeret af konstruktivistiske og interpretivistiske perspektiver. Data er indsamlet gennem fem semistrukturerede interviews med museumspraktikere fra Jelling, Vikingeskibsmuseet i Roskilde, Lindholm Høje Museum, Trelleborg og Fyrkat, og analyseret tematisk via en abduktiv, iterativ proces. Resultaterne viser, at autenticitet ikke opfattes som en fast egenskab bundet til originalitet eller fuld historisk nøjagtighed, men skabes i et løbende samspil mellem materielt bevis, rekonstruktion, institutionel autoritet, besøgendes forventninger og museal fortolkning. Praktikerne understreger både videnskabelig troværdighed og behovet for formidling, der er tilgængelig og meningsfuld for nutidens publikum; rekonstruktion beskrives som en fortolkende, eksperimenterende og reviderbar proces snarere end en direkte genskabelse af fortiden. Åbenhed om usikkerheder fremhæves som central for troværdig formidling, samtidig med at populærkulturelle billeder af vikinger påvirker publikums forventninger og dermed forhandlingen af autenticitet. Afhandlingen bidrager med indblik i, hvordan balancen mellem arkæologi, rekonstruktion, institutionel myndighed og besøgsinddragelse kan forstås som en dynamisk praksis i nutidig vikingearvsformidling.

[This abstract has been generated with the help of AI directly from the project full text]