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An executive master's programme thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


Artificial Intelligence in EIA Scoping: Exploring Potential and Limitations

Author

Term

4. Term

Publication year

2026

Pages

87

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly considered as a support tool in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), the formal process for predicting and managing a project’s environmental effects. This thesis focuses on the scoping stage—the early step that sets what the EIA should cover—where work depends on collecting, structuring, and preparing information for review, consultation, and the Scoping Opinion (the authority’s formal statement on scope). Using WSP Danmark’s consultancy practice as a case, the study examines AI’s potential, limitations, and implications for how effective scoping can be. Methods included process mapping, expert review, and a practitioner workshop. The findings show that AI is most relevant where scoping requires organizing and screening large amounts of information. In these parts of the process, AI may help create an overview, keep outputs consistent, and make choices traceable. Its potential is more limited when tasks move closer to environmental assessment, stakeholder input, and the Scoping Opinion, where responsibility, transparency, participation, and the authority’s formal role are central. Viewed through an EIA effectiveness framework (a way to judge whether the process works well), AI appears to be a conditional support tool: it can strengthen selected steps if its outputs can be checked, sourced, and understood, but it should not replace professional judgment or the statutory responsibilities that define the scope of the later EIA Report.

Kunstig intelligens (AI) overvejes i stigende grad som et støtteværktøj i Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), den formelle proces, der forudsiger og håndterer et projekts miljøpåvirkninger. Denne afhandling ser på scoping/afgrænsning – den tidlige fase, der fastlægger, hvad EIA’en skal omfatte – hvor arbejdet afhænger af at indsamle, strukturere og forberede information til gennemgang, høring og den såkaldte Scoping Opinion (myndighedens formelle udtalelse om afgrænsningen). Med udgangspunkt i WSP Danmarks konsulentpraksis undersøger studiet AI’s potentiale, begrænsninger og betydning for, hvor effektiv afgrænsningen kan være. Metoderne omfattede proceskortlægning, ekspertvurdering og en workshop med praktikere. Resultaterne viser, at AI især er relevant dér, hvor afgrænsningen kræver organisering og gennemgang af store mængder information. I disse dele af processen kan AI hjælpe med overblik, sammenhæng og sporbarhed. Potentialet er mere begrænset, når opgaverne kommer tættere på selve miljøvurderingen, input fra høringer og Scoping Opinion, hvor ansvar, gennemsigtighed, deltagelse og myndighedens formelle rolle er centrale. Set gennem en EIA-effektivitetsramme (en måde at vurdere om processen fungerer godt), fremstår AI som et betinget støtteværktøj: Det kan styrke udvalgte trin, hvis dets output kan kontrolleres, kildebelægges og forstås, men det bør ikke erstatte den faglige dømmekraft eller de myndighedsansvar, der fastlægger rammen for den efterfølgende EIA-rapport.

[This apstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]