Application of Power to Gas (P2G) Systems in Danish Electric Distribution Networks
Authors
Romani Dalmau, Aina ; Martinez Perez, David
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2015
Submitted on
2015-05-27
Pages
152
Abstract
Danmarks mål om at være fri for fossile brændsler i 2050 betyder, at andelen af vindkraft vil stige. Det er godt for klimaet, men en høj andel vind kan give praktiske udfordringer i elnettet, fx når produktion og forbrug ikke passer sammen, eller når spændingen lokalt bliver for høj. Energilagring kan optage overskydende elektricitet. I Danmark fungerer de eksisterende fjernvarme- og gasnet allerede som store energilagre. I denne sammenhæng er Power-to-Gas lovende: elektricitet omdannes til brint med et elektrolyseanlæg, og brinten kan enten sendes ind i gasnettet eller omdannes til naturgas i et mellemtrin. Dette kandidatspeciale undersøger, om et alkalisk elektrolyseanlæg kan hjælpe et typisk dansk distributionsnet med høj vindandel ved at levere to ydelser: spændingsregulering (at holde spændingen inden for grænser) og energistyring (at flytte eller lagre energi). Elektrolyseanlægget koordineres med de typiske spændingsreguleringsmidler i distributionsnettet. Et hovedmål er at udvikle en styringsstrategi, så disse net- og energiydelser kan fungere samtidigt og deltage i et markedsmiljø.
Denmark’s plan to be fossil-fuel-free by 2050 will increase the share of wind power. While positive for the climate, a high wind share can create practical grid challenges, such as times when generation and demand do not match and local voltages rise above safe levels. Energy storage can absorb surplus electricity. In Denmark, existing district heating and gas networks already act as large energy stores. In this context, Power to Gas is promising: electricity is converted to hydrogen by an electrolyzer, and the hydrogen can be injected into the gas grid or converted to natural gas in an intermediate step. This MSc thesis tests whether an alkaline electrolyzer can help a typical Danish distribution grid with a high share of wind power by providing two services: voltage regulation (keeping voltages within limits) and energy management (shifting or storing energy). The electrolyzer is coordinated with the grid’s usual voltage-control equipment. A key aim is to design a control strategy so that these grid and energy services can operate together within a market setting.
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