Any Best Available Model (BAM) for tyre waste management in developed & developing nations?: Entrepreneurial Perspective and Role in Tyres Waste Circular Economy
Author
Mulenga, Kelvin
Term
4. Term
Publication year
2015
Submitted on
2015-08-20
Pages
90
Abstract
Denne afhandling bygger videre på et praktikforskningsprojekt udført i Zambia i samarbejde med Zambia environmental institute of environmental management (ZIEM). Det tidligere studie undersøgte bedst tilgængelig praksis (BAP) og bedst tilgængelig teknologi (BAT) for håndtering af udtjente dæk i en udviklingslandskontekst. BAP beskriver, hvordan dæk i slutningen af deres levetid bruges på husholdnings-, lokalt, institutions- og virksomhedsplan, mens BAT dækker teknologiske processer, der omdanner dæk til nye materialer og produkter. Den aktuelle afhandling udvider fokus til bedst tilgængelige modeller (BAM) og innovative tilgange til at etablere og fremme en cirkulær økonomi for dækaffald, især i udviklingslande. Her forstås BAM som helhedsorienterede og integrerede initiativer, der drives af organisationer, myndigheder, virksomheder, entreprenører og institutioner for at skabe bæredygtige systemer for affaldshåndtering såsom dækaffald. Studiet anvender en kvalitativ casestudietilgang med både primære data (semistrukturerede interviews) og sekundære data. Der er interviewet én dansk virksomhed, der upcycler affaldsdæk (forvandler dem til produkter med højere værdi), én svensk virksomhed, der downcycler affaldsdæk (forarbejder dem til materialer med lavere værdi), samt tre uformelle entreprenører i Zambia. Derudover præsenteres Recycling and economic development initiative of South Africa (REDISA) som et eksempel på en bedst tilgængelig model (BAM) baseret på sekundære data. Resultaterne fremhæver fire typer entreprenører: Survivalist, Lifestylist, Championist og Pioneerist. Afhandlingen bruger også en metafor om en 'drupe-frugt' til at illustrere begrebet cirkulær økonomi, så det bliver lettere at forstå for både fagfolk og ikke-fagfolk i systemer for håndtering af dækaffald. Kort fortalt handler cirkulær økonomi om at holde materialer i brug så længe som muligt og minimere spild.
This thesis builds on an internship research project carried out in Zambia in collaboration with the Zambia environmental institute of environmental management (ZIEM). The earlier study examined Best Available Practice (BAP) and Best Available Technology (BAT) for managing end‑of‑life tyres in a developing-country context. BAP describes how waste tyres are used at household, community, institutional and business levels, while BAT covers technological processes that convert tyres into new materials and products. The thesis extends this work to Best Available Models (BAM) and innovative approaches to establish and promote a circular economy for tyre waste, especially in developing nations. Here, BAM refers to holistic, integrated initiatives led by organizations, governments, companies, entrepreneurs and institutions to create sustainable systems for waste management such as waste-tyre management. The research uses a qualitative case study approach with both primary data (semi-structured interviews) and secondary sources. Interviews were conducted with one Danish company that upcycles waste tyres (turns them into higher-value products), one Swedish company that downcycles waste tyres (processes them into lower-value materials), and three informal entrepreneurs in Zambia. In addition, the Recycling and economic development initiative of South Africa (REDISA) is presented as a BAM case using secondary data. The discussion highlights four types of entrepreneurs: Survivalist, Lifestylist, Championist and Pioneerist. The thesis also uses a 'drupe fruit' metaphor to illustrate the circular economy concept, making it easier to understand for both professionals and non-professionals involved in waste-tyre management. In simple terms, a circular economy keeps materials in use for as long as possible and reduces waste.
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