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A master's thesis from Aalborg University

All in Good Fun: A Study on Ridicule in a Political Context

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2026

Abstract

This thesis investigates how political ridicule works when Donald Trump uses it against his political opponents, compared with when comedians use ridicule against Trump himself. Drawing on Michael Billig’s view of ridicule as a social and relational practice, the thesis analyzes how ridicule shapes political actors and affects the relationship between the person who ridicules and the person being ridiculed. Through a qualitative comparative analysis of selected examples from Trump’s political communication and from political comedy, the study examines how ridicule is produced, how its targets are constructed, and how political status and authority are challenged and negotiated. The analysis shows that Trump typically uses ridicule to reduce his opponents to familiar weaknesses, fixed identities, or comic traits. In the comedy examples, this relationship is reversed: Trump’s political authority becomes the main object of ridicule, turning the political actor into a comic figure. The thesis also identifies a difference between more explicit and openly performed ridicule in Trump’s 2016 communication and more embedded forms of ridicule in the material from 2025–2026 that is analyzed. Across these forms, ridicule operates as a relational practice that creates and adjusts status differences between the ridiculer and the target. The thesis therefore argues that political ridicule should not be understood only as entertaining political communication, but as a communicative practice through which political status and authority are negotiated. The study is based on a limited, purposively selected corpus and focuses on how ridicule is communicated rather than on audience reception or specific political effects.

Dette speciale undersøger, hvordan politisk hån fungerer, når Donald Trump bruger det mod sine politiske modstandere, sammenlignet med når komikere bruger det mod Trump selv. Med udgangspunkt i Michael Billigs forståelse af hån som en social og relationel praksis analyseres, hvordan hån er med til at fremstille politiske aktører og påvirker forholdet mellem den, der håner, og den, der bliver hånet. Gennem en kvalitativ, sammenlignende analyse af udvalgte eksempler fra Trumps politiske kommunikation og politisk komik undersøger specialet, hvordan hån bliver skabt, hvordan mål for hånen bliver formet, og hvordan politisk status og autoritet bliver udfordret og forhandlet. Analysen viser, at Trump typisk bruger hån til at reducere sine modstandere til velkendte svagheder, faste identiteter eller komiske kendetegn. I de komiske eksempler vendes dette forhold om: her bliver Trumps politiske autoritet selve målet for hånen, og den politiske aktør forvandles til en komisk figur. Specialet peger desuden på en forskel mellem mere direkte og tydeligt udført hån i Trumps kommunikation fra 2016 og mere indlejrede former for hån i det materiale fra 2025–2026, der analyseres. På tværs af disse former fungerer hån som en relationel praksis, der skaber og justerer forskelle i status mellem den, der håner, og den, der hånes. Specialet argumenterer derfor for, at politisk hån ikke kun bør ses som underholdende politisk kommunikation, men som en kommunikativ praksis, hvor politisk status og autoritet bliver forhandlet. Undersøgelsen bygger på et begrænset, strategisk udvalgt materiale og fokuserer på, hvordan hån bliver kommunikeret, snarere end på publikums reaktioner eller konkrete politiske konsekvenser.

[This abstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]