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An executive master's programme thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


Accessibility Beyond Design: Exploring the Relationship Between Urban Planning and the Lived Experience of Blind and Visually Impaired People

Author

Term

4. Term

Publication year

2026

Submitted on

Pages

154

Abstract

This thesis explores how blind and visually impaired people experience cities, and how those experiences align with what urban planners do to make places accessible. Although inclusive design gets more attention today, accessibility for people who are blind or have low vision is still uneven in planning and often treated as a technical add-on rather than a basic requirement. The research uses qualitative methods: walk-along interviews, unstructured and semi-structured interviews with blind and visually impaired people and professional planners, plus document analysis and a review of existing studies. The analysis draws on ideas from inclusive urban design; motility (how people’s ability and opportunity to move affect everyday life); collaborative planning (planning with stakeholders); and normative planning (planning guided by values and goals). The study finds a clear gap between planning practice and everyday experience. For blind and visually impaired people, accessibility is fragile and depends on predictability, maintenance, and sensory, cognitive, and emotional factors. By contrast, planning practice tends to focus on physical design fixes and is limited by a lack of regulatory frameworks, competing political agendas, and limited user involvement. The thesis argues that accessibility should be treated as a continuous, integrated part of planning—not just a design outcome. Without stronger institutional anchoring and meaningful inclusion of lived experiences, cities risk keeping barriers that reduce independent mobility and social participation for blind and visually impaired people.

Specialet undersøger, hvordan blinde og svagsynede oplever byen, og hvordan de oplevelser passer sammen med den måde, byplanlæggere arbejder med tilgængelighed. Selvom inklusivt design får stadig mere opmærksomhed, er tilgængelighed for blinde og svagsynede stadig ujævnt indarbejdet i planlægningen og behandles ofte som et teknisk ekstraelement frem for et grundlæggende krav. Undersøgelsen bruger kvalitative metoder: walk-along-interviews, ustrukturerede og semistrukturerede interviews med blinde og svagsynede samt professionelle planlæggere, suppleret af dokumentanalyse og litteraturgennemgang. Analysen bygger på teorier om inklusiv urban design; motilitet (hvordan menneskers evne og mulighed for at bevæge sig påvirker hverdagen); kollaborativ planlægning (planlægning sammen med interessenter); og normativ planlægning (planlægning styret af værdier og mål). Resultaterne viser et tydeligt misforhold mellem planlægningspraksis og hverdagsliv. For blinde og svagsynede er tilgængelighed sårbar og afhænger af forudsigelighed, vedligeholdelse samt sansemæssige, kognitive og følelsesmæssige faktorer. Omvendt fokuserer planlægningspraksis ofte på fysiske designløsninger og begrænses af manglende regulering, modstridende politiske dagsordener og begrænset brugerinddragelse. Specialet argumenterer for, at tilgængelighed skal forstås som en løbende, integreret del af planlægning—ikke kun et designresultat. Uden stærkere institutionel forankring og meningsfuld inddragelse af levede erfaringer risikerer byer at fastholde barrierer, der hæmmer selvstændig mobilitet og social deltagelse for blinde og svagsynede.

[This apstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]