A European Army - influences and integration of the common security and defence policy
Author
Hansen, Mark Nørgaard
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2020
Abstract
Specialet undersøger, hvordan EU's fælles sikkerheds- og forsvarspolitik (CSDP) udviklede sig fra 2014 til 2018, og i hvilket omfang amerikansk og russisk agens påvirkede EU's søgen efter forsvarsintegration i en periode præget af Ukraine-krisen, NATO’s byrdefordelingsdebat og Brexit-forhandlinger. Undersøgelsen anvender et multiple-case design og to teoretiske tilgange: kritisk integrationsteori (Bulmer og Joseph) på casene Frankrig og Tyskland for at belyse militær integration som et hegemonisk projekt, samt neoklassisk realisme (Lobell, Taliaferro og Ripsman) på Rusland og USA for at vurdere, om deres agens ændrede EU’s udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitik og fremmede yderligere integration. Resultaterne viser, at kritisk integrationsteori ikke gav et svar i de konkrete cases på grund af utilstrækkeligt empirisk grundlag, og at interviews eller spørgeskemaer muligvis havde styrket anvendeligheden. Den neoklassisk-realistiske tilgang bidrog derimod til at besvare forskningsspørgsmålet og indikerer, at russisk agens meget sandsynligt påvirkede udviklingen af CSDP, mens dette ikke synes at være tilfældet for USA.
This thesis examines how the European Union’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) evolved between 2014 and 2018 and to what extent American and Russian agency influenced the EU’s drive toward defence integration amid the Ukraine crisis, NATO burden-sharing debates, and the Brexit negotiations. Using a multiple-case study design, it applies two theoretical lenses: critical integration theory (Bulmer and Joseph) to the cases of France and Germany to assess military integration as a hegemonic project, and neoclassical realism (Lobell, Taliaferro, and Ripsman) to Russia and the United States to evaluate whether their agency shifted EU foreign and security policy and stimulated further integration. The findings show that critical integration theory did not yield an answer in the specific cases due to insufficient evidence, and interviews or surveys might have improved its applicability. By contrast, the neoclassical realist approach helped address the research question and indicates that Russian agency very likely influenced the development of the CSDP, whereas this does not appear to be the case for the United States.
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