Udfordring af kønsgrænser ved at gøre køn i TeamGym i en binær kønsopdelt sportsverden

Challenging Boundaries by Doing Gender in TeamGym in a World of Binary Sports

Kristensen, Sophie Jane

4. semester

Idræt, Kandidat

2023

2023-05-31

62

Dette studie undersøger, hvordan eliteatleter i TeamGym (en holdbaseret gymnastikdisciplin) udtrykker og udfordrer kønsnormer i sportens fysiske kultur. Med afsæt i debatter, der forbindes med den fjerde feministiske bølge, er målet at forstå, hvordan kønnede grænser kan forandres for at skabe et mere inkluderende miljø for LGBTQIA+-personer. Undersøgelsen er et multiple casestudie. Forskeren observerede tre seniorteams—et herrehold, et kvindehold og et mixhold—og gennemførte semistrukturerede interviews med to gymnaster fra hvert hold. Data blev analyseret tematisk. Resultaterne viser, at både mandlige og kvindelige gymnaster udfordrer kønnede grænser i TeamGym, og at kvinder ser ud til at gøre det oftere. Derved udvides måderne at "gøre køn" på—altså hvordan køn udtrykkes gennem bevægelse, stil og roller i sporten. Samtidig præger langvarige traditioner og udbredte diskurser i gymnastik samt antagelser om fysiologi fortsat de kønnede forventninger til både mænd og kvinder. Deltagerne gav udtryk for opbakning til at inkludere LGBTQIA+-personer i TeamGym. Samtidig var der skepsis over for at inkludere transkvinder, ofte knyttet til en bredere samfundsopfattelse af, at transkvinder kan have fysiologiske fordele i forhold til ciskønnede kvinder. Studiet peger på behov for yderligere forskning i TeamGym og LGBTQIA+-deltagelse for at afklare, hvordan køn konstrueres i sporten, og for at understøtte mere inkluderende praksisser på eliteniveau.

This study examines how elite TeamGym (a team-based gymnastics discipline) athletes express and challenge gender norms within the sport’s physical culture. Framed by debates associated with the fourth wave of feminism, the goal is to understand how gender boundaries might be transformed to create a more inclusive environment for LGBTQIA+ people. Using a multiple case study design, the researcher observed three senior teams—a men’s team, a women’s team, and a mixed team—and conducted semi-structured interviews with two gymnasts from each team. The data were analyzed thematically. Findings indicate that both male and female gymnasts challenge gendered boundaries in TeamGym, with women appearing to do so more often. This broadens the ways athletes can "do gender"—that is, how they express gender through movement, style, and roles in the sport. At the same time, longstanding traditions and common discourses in gymnastics and assumptions about physiology continue to shape gendered expectations for both men and women. Participants expressed support for including LGBTQIA+ people in TeamGym. However, some voiced skepticism about including transgender women, often linked to a wider social perception that transgender women may have physiological advantages over cisgender women. The study concludes that further research on TeamGym and LGBTQIA+ participation is needed to clarify how gender is constructed in the sport and to support more inclusive practices at the elite level.

[Dette resumé er omskrevet med hjælp fra AI baseret på projektets originale resumé]

TeamGym ; Gymnastik ; Doing gender ; LGBTQIA+ ; Kønsgrænser ; Idrætskultur

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