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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Towards a Theory of Ecosystem Resilience: Actor Perceptions and Institutional Influence in the Small Satellite Ecosystem

Authors

;

Term

4. Semester

Publication year

2025

Submitted on

Pages

84

Abstract

Hurtige geopolitiske forandringer, teknologiske skift og voksende indbyrdes afhængighed gør robusthed i hele forretningsøkosystemer til et presserende tema, især i den højrisikofyldte småsatellitindustri. Vi ved meget om, hvordan enkeltvirksomheder bygger robusthed, men langt mindre om, hvordan robusthed forstås og udøves på økosystemniveau (netværket af virksomheder, institutioner og partnere, der skaber værdi sammen). Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan aktører i Europas småsatellitøkosystem forstår og omsætter økosystemrobusthed til praksis. Med et enkelt, indlejret casestudie bygger undersøgelsen på tolv dybdegående interviews med centrale virksomheder, leverandører, komplementorvirksomheder (der supplerer andres tilbud), institutioner og universiteter. Interviewdata blev analyseret med Gioia-metoden, en struktureret tilgang til at udvikle begreber ud fra kvalitative data. Analysen identificerede fire hovedtemaer: 1) subjektive opfattelser og hverdagspraksisser for robusthed, 2) indbyrdes afhængighed og fælles værdiskabelse, 3) institutionel indflydelse og 4) sårbarheder og adaptive strategier. Resultaterne viser, at økosystemrobusthed er forhandlet og lagdelt. Den udspringer ikke af top-down-styring, men af decentral, ofte utilsigtet, tilpasning mellem individuelle strategier og institutionelle strukturer. Deltagerne så robusthed som både et mindset og en praksis, formet af økonomiske begrænsninger, geopolitiske forhold og skiftende kundekrav. Institutioner, især rumagenturer og nationale finansieringsorganer, spillede en nøglerolle ved at legitimere teknologier, fordele ressourcer og sætte de tekniske og normative rammer, aktørerne arbejder inden for. Deres rolle rakte ud over stabilisering; de deltog aktivt i at genforhandle økosystemets balance som svar på chok, værdimigrering (forskydninger i, hvor værdien skabes) og teknologiske ændringer. Afhandlingen bidrager med en begrebsramme, der samler strukturelle, adfærdsmæssige og institutionelle dimensioner af kollektiv omstillingsevne. Overordnet peger studiet på, at robusthed i komplekse økosystemer handler mindre om at skærme mod chok og mere om evnen til at navigere i indbyrdes afhængighed. Indsigterne giver praktikere og beslutningstagere nye værktøjer til at forstå og styrke den systemiske robusthed i innovations- og teknologitunge industrier.

Rapid geopolitical change, fast-moving technologies, and growing interdependence make the resilience of entire business ecosystems a pressing issue, especially in the high-stakes small satellite industry. We know a lot about how single firms build resilience, but far less about how resilience is understood and enacted across an ecosystem (the network of companies, institutions, and partners that create value together). This thesis explores how actors in the European small satellite ecosystem make sense of and operationalise ecosystem resilience. Using a single embedded case study, the research draws on twelve in-depth interviews with focal firms, suppliers, complementors (companies whose offerings add to others), institutions, and universities. Interview data were analysed with the Gioia methodology, a structured approach to building concepts from qualitative data. The analysis surfaced four themes: 1) subjective perceptions and everyday practices of resilience, 2) interdependence and value co-creation, 3) institutional influence, and 4) vulnerabilities and adaptive strategies. Findings show that ecosystem resilience is negotiated and layered. It does not come from top-down control, but from the decentralised, often unintended, alignment of individual strategies with institutional structures. Participants viewed resilience as both a mindset and a practice, shaped by financial constraints, geopolitics, and shifting customer expectations. Institutions, especially space agencies and national funding bodies, were pivotal: they legitimised technologies, allocated resources, and set the technical and normative frameworks within which actors operate. Their role went beyond stabilising the system; they actively helped rebalance it in response to shocks, value migration (shifts in where value is created), and technological change. The thesis contributes a conceptual framework that integrates structural, behavioural, and institutional dimensions of collective adaptability. Overall, it suggests that resilience in complex ecosystems depends less on insulating against shocks and more on the ability to navigate interdependence. These insights offer practitioners and policymakers new tools to understand and strengthen the systemic robustness of innovation- and technology-intensive industries.

[This summary has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]