The Role of Plug-in Battery Electric Vehicles in the Danish Energy System: Model Study and System Design
Translated title
De batteridrevne elbilers rolle i det danske energisystem: Modelundersøgelse og system design
Authors
Zepeda, Maya Kristina Emmert Andersen ; Kop, Stefan Nicolaas
Term
4. Term
Publication year
2015
Submitted on
2015-06-03
Pages
180
Abstract
Et smart energisystem (SES) er en måde at nå Danmarks mål om mere vedvarende energi. Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan plug-in elbiler (EV’er) kan bidrage via smart opladning. En Excel-baseret model vurderer to smarte lade-strategier: opladning når Elspot-priserne (engrospriser på el) er lave, og opladning når vindproduktionen er høj. Begge strategier gør det også muligt for elbiler at deltage i balancering af elnettet. Resultaterne viser, at begge strategier kan give betydelige årlige besparelser for bilejerne og øge andelen af vind i den strøm, der bruges til at oplade bilerne, sammenlignet med “dum” opladning (oplader straks ved tilslutning). Modellen indikerer også, at elbiler kan levere balanceringstjenester, der hjælper med at matche forbrug og produktion. En interessentanalyse peger på, at en aggregator forventes at samle mange elbiler og udnytte deres fleksibilitet. Elselskaber og netselskaber (DSO’er) kan understøtte dette med dynamiske el- og nettariffer. Myndighederne bør udvikle regler og standarder, der fremmer smart brug af elbiler. Samlet set kræver det samarbejde mellem alle parter. En spørgeskemaundersøgelse blandt 105 danske elbilejere viser, at de er positive over for smart brug af deres bil, hvor ønsket om en grøn profil er den vigtigste motivation. De er dog mere tilbageholdende over for at involvere en aggregator, især af hensyn til at opfylde kørselsbehov og mulige effekter på batteriets levetid. Konklusionen er, at elbiler kan spille en betydelig rolle i et SES, hvis de rette rammer er på plads: ejere kan spare penge, en større andel vind kan bruges til opladning, og bilerne kan hjælpe med at balancere elsystemet.
A smart energy system (SES) is a path toward Denmark’s renewable energy goals. This thesis examines how plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) can contribute through smart charging. An Excel-based model evaluates two smart charging strategies: charging when Elspot prices (day-ahead wholesale electricity prices) are low, and charging when wind power is abundant. Both strategies also allow EVs to participate in grid balancing services. Findings show that, compared with “dumb” charging (charging immediately when plugged in), both strategies can deliver significant annual savings for EV owners and increase the share of wind in the electricity used to charge EVs. The model also indicates that EVs can provide balancing services that help match supply and demand. A stakeholder analysis suggests that an aggregator will pool many EVs to make the most of their flexibility. Utilities and distribution system operators (DSOs) could support this with dynamic energy and network tariffs. Government bodies should develop regulations and standards that enable the smart use of EVs. Overall, cooperation among all stakeholders is needed. A survey of 105 Danish EV owners shows they are positive about smart use of their car, with creating a green profile as the main motivation. However, they are more hesitant about involving an aggregator, mainly due to concerns about meeting driving needs and battery life. Overall, EVs can play a significant role in an SES if the right conditions are in place: owners can save money, more wind power can be used for charging, and EVs can help balance the electricity system.
[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]
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