Fremtidens fjernvarme: Lavtemperaturfjernvarme i nye boligområder

Abstract

Baseret på en generel konsensus om, at fjernvarmens forsyningsområder skal udvides i Danmark undersøges i dette speciale samspillet mellem lavtemperaturfjernvarme og lavenergibyggeri gennem et casestudie for et nyudstykket område til lavenergibebyggelse i Godthåb, nær Aalborg. Dermed undersøges det, om fjernvarmen kan indgå som valgmulighed til opvarmning af nye boligområder. Gennem en aktøranalyse identificeres kommunerne, forsyningsselskaberne og forbrugerne som værende de tre aktører, der har direkte indflydelse på valget af varmeforsyningsteknologi i de enkelte boliger. På baggrund heraf beregnes det for det valgte område, om der findes et samfundsøkonomisk rationale for at etablere fjernvarme, et selskabsøkonomisk rationale for at etablere fjernvarme som lavtemperaturfjernvarme samt et forbrugerøkonomisk rationale for at vælge fjernvarme som opvarmningsteknologi frem for individuelle varmepumper. Det konkluderes, at der for den valgte case, i hver af de tre økonomiske beregninger, findes rationale for at etablere lavtemperaturfjernvarme i området. Denne konklusion er dog casespecifik og bør beregnes for hver enkelt case, da problemstillingens kompleksitet medfører, at der ikke kan drages generelle konklusioner.

Based on the general consensus that district heating is vital in the future Danish energy system and should be expanded, this report carries out a case study investigating the area Danagården north of Godthåb. This area is located within the municipality of Aalborg and thus the supply area of Aalborg District Heating. The area is currently used for agricultural purposes but is through the municipal district planning proposed converted into an urban area with lowenergy houses. The aim is to determine if there is a future for district heating as a heating technology in new residential areas. This is done through a series of analysis investigating the legal and actor framework for decisionmaking within heat planning. To determine the key actors involved in the decision of heating installation in individual houses a stakeholder analysis is conducted. Through this analysis the municipality, the district heating company and the consumers are found to be themain actors in this decision making process. Based on this a socio-economic, business-economic and consumer-economic analysis is carried out. The socio-economic analysis reveals, that it is socio-economic beneficial to establish district heating in the case area. From the business-economic analysis it is found, that the netpresent- value of establishing the district heating system as low-temperature district heating is greater than establishing it with traditional temperatures. Through the consumer-economic analysis it is found that for the specific case investigated the individual consumers will benefit from choosing district heating instead of individual heat pumps. However, it is also found that these conclusions are all case dependent and cannot be easily generalised. It is therefore necessary to investigate each individual case separately to determinewhich heating system would be most beneficial for the identified key actors. The calculations performed for all new houses in Denmark in order to establish if they fulfil the energy requirements are also found to differ largely from the actual consumption measured. This leads to misguiding information for the consumer when the heating system of the house is to be chosen.

A master thesis from Aalborg University

Fremtidens fjernvarme: Lavtemperaturfjernvarme i nye boligområder

[The Future of District Heating: Low-temperature district heating in new residential areas]