Author(s)
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2012
Submitted on
2012-05-31
Pages
59 pages
Abstract
Når en membran filtrerings proces skal anvendes, er en forudgående model af interaktionerne, mellem de suspenderede stoffer og membranen, ofte krævet. De fleste af de matematiske modeller, der anvendes i dag, stammer fra eksperimenter baseret på uorganiske partikler og er ofte utilstrækkelige til beskrive komplekse systemer, såsom spildevand af forskellig oprindelse, som ofte er både kompresibel og negativt ladet. For at forbedre disse modeller, skal der bl.a. bruges organiske partikler, med kontrollerbar egenskaber. Denne rapport undersøger dispersions polymerisering af methylmethacrylat med polyvinyl-pyrrolidone som stabilisator, samt styren med poly(acrylic acid), som en mulig metode til at fremstille partikler med de nævnte egenskaber. I den første del af rapporten beskrives den anvendte dispersion polymeriseringen og er en kombination af litteratur studier og eksperimentelt arbejde. Den anden del er stempel filtrering af de fremstillede partikler og er sammensat af en beskrivelse af de matematiske modeller der anvendes i dag til at forudsige den specifikke filtreringsmodstand, α, efterfulgt af resultaterne fra filtreringseksperimenterne. Der er fundet ud af, at værdierne for α, når partikler fremstillet fra methylmethacrylat og polyvinylpyrrolidon filtreres, er tæt på den modelerede værdi, mens α er betydeligt højere for partikler fremstillet fra styren og poly(acrylic acid). Dette skyldes sandsynligvis de interaktioner, som finder sted mellem partiklernes ladede overflade og vandet. Udover dette viste kun én af partiklerne, en lille trykafhængighed af α og kun når der blev filtreret over længere tid (større volumener). Dette skyldes formodentlig tilføjelsen af en overfladeaktiv monomer under syntesen, hvilket muligvis kan skabe et højere osmotisk tryk omkring partiklen. Når mindre og større partikler blev blandet, blev modstanden hovedsageligt udgjort af de mindre partikler, sandsynligvis fordi de mindre partikler udfylder hulrummene mellem de større.
When a membrane filtration process is to be used, a preceding model of the interactions between the suspended solids and the membrane is often required. Most of the mathematical models used today, stem from experiments using inorganic particles and are often inadequate in describing complex systems, such as municipal and industrial waste water. Filter cakes composed of such organic solids are often both compressible and negatively charged. To improve these models, organic particles with controllable properties, are in need. This work investigates the dispersion polymerization, of methyl methacrylate with polyvinyl-pyrrolidone as stabilizer, as well as styrene with poly(acrylic acid), as a possible method to produce particles with the wanted properties. The first part of this work describes the dispersion polymerization employed and is a combination of literature studies and experimental work. The second part is dead end dewatering filtration of the produced particles and are composed of a description of the mathematical models used today, to predict the specific resistance to filtration, α, followed by the results from the filtration experiments. It was found that the values of α, when filtering particles made from methyl methacrylate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, are quite close to the predicted value, whereas α is significantly higher for the particles produced from styrene and poly(acrylic acid), probably due to the interactions taking place between the charged surface of the particles and the surrounding water. In addition to this, only one of the particles showed a slight pressure dependency of α and only at longer filtration times (larger volumes). This is possibly caused by the addition of surface active monomer during the synthesis, which might create a higher osmotic pressure around the particle. When smaller and larger particles were mixed, the resistance was shown to mainly be governed by the smaller particles, probably due to blinding effects, where the smaller particles fill the voids between the larger.
Keywords
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