Author(s)
Term
4. Term
Publication year
2019
Submitted on
2019-06-06
Pages
100 pages
Abstract
Miljøgodkendelser til virksomheder i Europa er reguleret af direktivet for industrielle emissioner, som anvender konceptet Bedst Tilgængelig Teknik (BAT) til at opstille krav for det udstyr der bruges i industrien. Danish Crown er en af de virksomheder som skal leve op til de krav der stilles i direktivet for industrielle emissioner. Implementeringen af BAT i Danish Crown er problematisk da de er afhængige af, at deres teknologi leverandører kan dokumentere at det udstyr de levere til Danish Crown, lever op til de relevante BAT krav. Denne dokumentation er teknologi leverandørene ikke i stand til at give Danish Crown, da deres viden om BAT er minimal eller ikke eksisterende. De aktører der er involveret i udviklingen og implementeringen af BAT reguleringen er interviewet. Interviewene bruges til at analysere aktørernes karakteristika og baseret på det, diskutere hvordan de forskellige aktører påvirker processen. De karakteristika der bruges til at lave analysen, er baseret på contextual interaction theory, som bruger de tre karakteristika motivation, kognition og ressourcer samt den strukturelle kontekst omkring processen, til at analysere hvordan aktørerne påvirker processen. Teorien bliver også brugt til at diskutere hvilke muligheder aktørene har for at påvirke udfaldet af processen. Den strukturelle kontekst analyseres ud fra en netværks teori som fokusere på relationen mellem aktørerne i processen. Strategic Adaptive Management strategies og Effectual Reasoning bruges til at diskutere hvordan processen omkring udviklingen og implementeringen af BAT kan ændres, så implementeringen af BAT kravene kan forbedres. Nye forslag til BAT konklusioner som kunne føre til social, økonomisk og miljømæssig værdiskabelse diskuteres ud fra produkt-service system begrebet, for at gøre det klart hvilke muligheder et forbedret samarbejde mellem aktørene i Danish Crowns værdikæde kunne medføre. I udviklingen af BAT konklusioner skaber aktørenes motivation, kognition og ressourcer en situation hvor de aktører der vil inkludere aspekter som cirkulær økonomi i BAT konklusionerne, ikke har ressourcerne til at gøre det. I udviklingen af nye BAT konklusioner fokusere Danish Crown på, at der ikke skal komme nogle fra udenfor industrien og lave krav som de ikke vil være i stand til at overholde. Miljøstyrelsen fokusere samtidigt på at udvikle kravene på en måde så de gavner danske virksomheder. I implementeringen af BAT vil Danish Crown gerne være mere ambitiøse end de krav der er sat i BAT reguleringen, da de er motiverede af at reducere deres produktionsomkostninger. Deres teknologileverandører har begrænset eller ingen viden om BAT og motiveres kun af de faktorer som kan give dem en konkurrencefordel. I diskussionen foreslås det, at Danish Crown laver en vurdering af totalomkostningerne ved at købe en teknologi, hver gang de køber nyt udstyr. Det kunne give dem et bedre grundlag til at samarbejde med deres leverandører om at begrænse de løbende udgifter, heriblandt deres miljøomkostninger. De foreslåede BAT konklusioner som foksuere på værdikæde perspektivet kunne skabe økonomisk, social og miljømæssig værdi, hvis interaktionen mellem de forskellige aktører i værdikæden forbedres.
Environmental approvals for companies in Europe are regulated by the Industrial Emission Directive, which uses the concept of Best Available Techniques (BAT) to set requirements for the equipment used in the industry. Danish Crown is one of the companies that have to comply with the requirements set in the Industrial Emission Directive. The implementation of BAT requirements in Danish Crown could be more effective, because they rely on their technology suppliers to document that the equipment they purchase comply with the BAT requirements. The technology suppliers are however not able to provide Danish Crown with the required documentation. Interviews with the actors involved in the process of developing and implementing BAT regulation are used to analyse the characteristics of the actors and discuss how these affect the process. The characteristics used in the analysis are based on the contextual interaction theory, which uses the three characteristics cognition, motivation and resources and the structural context surrounding the policy process, to analyse how the different actors affect the policy process and which options they have to change the course of the policy process. The structural context is analysed based on network theory, with a focus on the relation between the actors involved in the policy process. How the policy process could be changed to improve the implementation of BAT requirements is discussed based on Strategic Adaptive Management strategies and Effectual Reasoning. New suggestions for BAT conclusions that could be developed to create social, environmental and economical value are also discussed to clarify the possibilities a improved collaboration between the actors in the value chain could lead to. In the development of BAT conclusions the actors motivation, cognition and resources creates a situation where the actors who want circular economy aspects in the BAT requirements do not have the resources to change the policy process. The focus from Danish Crown is on avoiding any requirements made by actors from outside the industry which they are not able to comply with, while the Danish EPA focus on requirements that could benefit Danish companies. In the implementation of BAT, Danish Crown would like to be more ambitious than the requirements set in the BAT conclusions and are motivated by reducing their operation costs. The technology suppliers have limited to no knowledge about BAT, but focus on the factors which could give them a competitive advantage. It is suggested that Danish Crown use total cost of ownership assessments in their procurement process, as this could give them a better basis for collaborating with their suppliers and make decisions. The suggested BAT conclusions focused on value chain aspects could create economic, social, and environmental value, if the interaction between the actors are improved.
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