Samfundsdiskurser der præger Lærere og undervisere på Hotel- og Restaurantskolen En undersøgelse omhandlende underviseres narrative fortællinger omkring de eksisterende diskurser

Abstract

Titel: Samfundsdiskurser der præger lærere og undervisere på Hotel- og Restaurantskolen ”En undersøgelse omhandlende underviseres narrative fortællinger omkring de eksisterende diskurser.” Baggrund: Hotel- og Restaurantskolen havde oplevet et større elevfrafald på omkring 40 procent i perioden 2014-2019, og omlægger derfor hele deres strategi med mere fokus på bæredygtighed. Her er det både det bæredygtige i forhold til maden, men ligeledes omhandler det bæredygtigheden om elevernes uddannelse og trivsel, hvorfor skolen tilbage i 2022 besluttede at udføre en koordineret indsats for elever med særlige udfordringer (Hotel- og Restaurantskolen, 2022). Skolens indsats kom nogle år efter at politikerne i 2015 havde besluttet med en ny reform, at erhvervsuddannelserne skulle forbedres og være mere attraktive (Børne- og Undervisningsministeriet, 2022). Dansk statistik (2023) havde regnet elevfrafaldet generelt for de danske erhvervsskoler, at der tilbage i 2012 påbegyndte 94.000 elever på erhvervsuddannelserne, mens det i 2022 havde nået helt ned på omkring 64.000, det svarer til et fald på 13 procent indenfor ti år (Danmarks statistik, 2023). Selvom elevtallet var faldet 13 procent på landsplan, kunne HRS fejre at de i deres januar optag 2023 oplevede en stigning med 343 nye elever på grundforløb 2, svarende til en procentstigning på 30 procent mere end året før (HRS- elevfremgang, 2023). Formål: Formålet med specialet er at undersøge de samfundsdiskurser der påvirker lærere og undervisere i på Hotel- og Restaurantskolen. Metode: Specialets metode er med udgangspunkt i både det kvalitative og induktive, hvilket betyder at der med tilgangen til felten har været undersøgt eksplorativt, hvor teorier og begreber kom undervejs i empiriindsamlingen. Denne har været bestående deltagerobservationer der muliggør det at man både kan være aktivt involveret i felten, og at det samtidig er nødvendigt at kunne distancering fra den. Ydermere er der i empiriindsamlingen udarbejdelsen en interviewguide, med henblik på afholdelsen af tre interviews med Undervisere, hvori der stilles åbne spørgsmål, giver informanterne mulighed for at dele deres erfaringer og oplevelser, hvilket er essentielt for forståelsen af deres perspektiver. Resultater: Resultater i specialet belyser flere ting. Det belyser hvordan politisk dikterede reformer søger at fremme en bæredygtig udvikling, men samtidig skaber en intern klassifikation blandt eleverne, der kan påvirke deres selvopfattelse og motivation negativt. Der belyses samtidig hvordan lærere og ledelse, diskursivt konstruerer relationerne til eleverne, hvilket resulterer i en skadelig differentiering mellem holdene. Ligeledes belyses hvordan magtstrukturene omkring fravær og frafald ikke kun er et spørgsmål om politisk ansvar, men også om skolens og undervisernes forpligtelse til at skabe et inkluderende læringsmiljø. Diskussionen viser, at for at imødekomme elevens behov optimalt, bør der tages højde for både støttestrukturer og kritiske perspektiver, der muliggør en balance mellem hjælp og selvstændig læring. Konklusion: For at tackle udfordringerne med fravær og frafald er det derfor afgørende at forstå de komplekse dynamikker, der er på spil, og at udvikle strategier, der fremmer motivation og engagement blandt alle elever. Dette vil i sidste ende bidrage til at styrke erhvervsuddannelsernes position i samfundet.

Title: Social discourses that characterize teachers and lecturers at the Hotel and Restaurant School "An investigation concerning lecturers' narratives about the existing discourses." Background: The Hotel and Restaurant School had experienced a major student dropout of around 40 per cent in the period 2014-2019 and is therefore restructuring their entire strategy with a greater focus on sustainability. Here it is both the sustainability in relation to the food, but it also deals with the sustainability of the students' education and well-being, which is why the school decided back in 2022 to carry out a coordinated effort for students with special challenges (Hotel and Restaurant School, 2022). The school's efforts came a few years after politicians, in 2015, had decided a new reform that vocational education should be improved and made more attractive (Børne- og Undervisningsministeriet, 2022). Danish statistics (2023) had calculated the student dropout in general for the Danish vocational schools, that back in 2012 94,000 students started vocational education, while in 2022 it had reached all the way down to around 64,000, which corresponds to a drop of 13 percent within ten years (Denmark's statistics, 2023). Although the number of students had fallen by 13 percent nationally, HRS could celebrate that in their January intake 2023 they experienced an increase with 343 new students on foundation course 2, corresponding to a percentage increase of 30 percent more than the previous year (HRS student progress, 2023). Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the social discourses that influence teachers and lecturers at the Hotel and Restaurant School. Method: The dissertation's method is based on both the qualitative and the inductive, which means that the approach to the field has been investigated exploratively, where theories and concepts came along during the empirical collection. This has been ongoing participant observations that make it possible to both be actively involved in the field, and that at the same time it is necessary to be able to distance yourself from it. Furthermore, in the empirical collection there is the preparation of an interview guide, with a view to holding three interviews with teachers, in which open-ended questions are asked, giving the informants the opportunity to share their experiences and experiences, which is essential for the understanding of their perspectives. Results: Results in the thesis shed light on several things. It illustrates how politically dictated reforms seek to promote sustainable development, but at the same time create an internal classification among students that can negatively affect their self-perception and motivation. At the same time, it is highlighted how teachers and management discursively construct the relationships with the students, which results in a harmful differentiation between the teams. It also illuminates how the power structures around absence and dropout are not only a matter of political responsibility, but also of the school's and teachers' obligation to create an inclusive learning environment. The discussion shows that to meet the student's needs optimally, both support structures and critical perspectives that enable a balance between help and independent learning should be considered. Conclusion: To tackle the challenges of absenteeism and dropout, it is therefore crucial to understand the complex dynamics at play and to develop strategies that promote motivation and engagement among all students. This will ultimately contribute to strengthening the position of vocational education in society.

A master thesis from Aalborg University

Samfundsdiskurser der præger Lærere og undervisere på Hotel- og Restaurantskolen En undersøgelse omhandlende underviseres narrative fortællinger omkring de eksisterende diskurser

[Social discourses that characterize teachers and lecturers at the Hotel and Restaurant School An investigation concerning teachers' narratives about the existing discourses]