Sexual violence in the Colombian armed conflict.: Access to justice for women victims of sexual violence.
Author
Knudsen, Julia Marie
Term
4. term
Publication year
2016
Submitted on
2016-07-29
Pages
91
Abstract
Feministisk forskning har længe været optaget af den globale stigning i interne væbnede konflikter, fordi kvinder og piger udgør størstedelen af de civile ofre og ofte er mål for seksuel vold. Selvom seksuel vold i krig og konflikt har fået stor opmærksomhed, især efter oprettelsen af de internationale krigsforbrydertribunaler for det tidligere Jugoslavien (1993) og Rwanda (1994), har nationale og internationale indsatser ikke tilstrækkeligt forbedret kvinders vilkår i konflikt- og efterkonfliktsituationer. Et centralt problem er straffrihed, dvs. at gerningsmænd ikke stilles til ansvar, og at kvinders adgang til retfærdighed er blevet markant forsømt. Dette speciale undersøger Colombia, som har oplevet en af verdens længstvarende interne konflikter gennem 52 år mellem flere væbnede aktører. Konfrontationerne har medført alvorlige menneskerettighedskrænkelser og brud på den internationale humanitære ret, herunder seksuelle overgreb mod kvinder. Ifølge Casa de la Mujers undersøgelse "First Survey on the Prevalence of Sexual Violence against Women in the Context of the Colombian Armed Conflict 2001–2009" (2011) blev 489.687 kvinder udsat for seksuel vold i perioden 2001–2009. I 2008 vedtog Colombias forfatningsdomstol kendelsen Auto 092 for at imødegå straffrihed og forbedre kvinders adgang til retssystemet. Næsten otte år senere konkluderede den arbejdsgruppe, der overvåger implementeringen, at straffriheden fortsat overstiger 97 %, selv for de 183 sager om seksuel vold, der er nævnt i Autoens fortrolige bilag. Formålet med specialet er at forklare, hvorfor straffrihed har bestået trods Auto 092. Med en kvalitativ indholdsanalyse af arbejdsgruppens overvågningsrapporter søger specialet at afdække de mekanismer, der opretholder straffrihed, baseret på en feministisk kønsanalyse af de patriarkalske strukturer og den strukturelle vold mod kvinder i det colombianske samfund.
Feminist scholarship has long focused on the global rise of internal armed conflict because women and girls make up most civilian casualties and are frequently targeted with sexual violence. Although sexual violence in war and conflict has drawn major attention—especially after the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia (1993) and Rwanda (1994)—national and international responses have not sufficiently improved women’s conditions in conflict and post-conflict settings. A key concern is impunity, meaning crimes go unpunished, and women’s access to justice has been substantially neglected. This thesis examines Colombia, which has experienced one of the world’s longest internal conflicts over 52 years among multiple armed actors. The confrontation has led to serious human rights violations and breaches of International Humanitarian Law, including sexual crimes against women. According to Casa de la Mujer’s “First Survey on the Prevalence of Sexual Violence against Women in the Context of the Colombian Armed Conflict 2001–2009” (2011), 489,687 women were victims of sexual violence between 2001 and 2009. In 2008, Colombia’s Constitutional Court issued Order Auto 092 to address impunity and improve access to justice for women survivors. Almost eight years later, the Working Group monitoring compliance concluded that impunity still exceeds 97%, even for the 183 cases of sexual violence listed in the Order’s confidential annexes. The purpose of this thesis is to explain why impunity has persisted despite Auto 092. Through a qualitative content analysis of the Working Group’s Monitoring Reports, the thesis seeks to uncover the mechanisms that sustain impunity, using a feminist gender analysis that highlights patriarchal structures and structural violence against women in Colombian society.
[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]
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