Author(s)
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2013
Submitted on
2013-06-10
Pages
49 pages
Abstract
Ved at betragte naturlige bølger på havet, kan man til tider observere bølger sammensluttet i grupper. Når bølgegrupper dannes giver det anledning til dannelsen af ikke lineære bølger, som resultat af interaktion mellem bølger. Det har været observeret, at der som følge af dette ikke lineære fænomen, kan optræde ikke lineære flytninger af forankrede flydende konstruktioner. Disse flytninger kan give anledning til store kræfter i forankringssystemet, hvilket kan føre til brud. I dette projekt er målsætningen at dokumentere tilstedeværelsen af ikke lineære bølger i en simpel bølgegruppe, og undersøge de deraf følgende effekter på en forankret flydende mole konstruktion. Dette er udført ved at generere simple bølgegrupper i et bølgeflume, og analysere resultaterne. Laboratorieforsøgene er udført i bølgeflumet på University of Padova, i samarbejde med Professor Luca Martinelli. Forsøgene gav ikke de gode resultater, da det ikke var muligt at generere de ønskede bølger. De genererede bølger er dog vurderet som brugbare til brud ved den videre analyse. Der blev udført forsøg med en model af den flydende mole, opsat med et forankrings system bestående af krydsende kæder. I kæderne blev der installeret Strain Gauges, for at måle kræfterne i forankringskæderne under bølgetest. Bevægelserne af modellen blev optaget med et optisk object detection system. Resultaterne af laboratorietest er analyseret for at bestemme Response Amplitude Operator, hvilket giver en indikation for modellens respons fra bølgernes energi spectrum. ROA’en findes ved at bestemme en transfer funktion fra bølgernes energi spektrum til spektrummet fra responsen. Dette er udført for surge flytninger, pitch flytninger og kræfter i forankringskæderne. Fra analysen af surge bevægelserne er der en indikation af et ikke lineært respons. Dette kommer til udtryk ved et højt respons fra lavere frekvenser, mens responset fra input frekvenserne er tæt på en for alle tests. Dette er i sammenhold med hvad der tidligere er blevet dokumenteret, ved analyse af respons fra gruppering af bølger. Fra analysen af pitch bevægelserne kommer et mere lineært respons til udtryk, hvilket stemmer overens med antagelsen om små amplituder ved anden ordens bølger. Fra analysen af kræfterne i forakringskæderne er der et tydeligt ikke lineært respons. Resultaterne fra analysen af kræfterne er dog ikke fuldt ud brugbare, da der forekom snapping i kæderne under bølgetest, hvilket indikerer at mooring systemet ikke er designet optimalt. På grund af snapping bliver responset urealistisk højt. Overordnet viser analysen af de udførte tests et ikke lineært respons fra den flydende mole. Dette indikerer at det er relevant at tage forekomsten af bølgegrupper med i betragtning, ved design af forankrings systemer til flydende konstruktioner.
In this project the aim is to document the presence of the nonlinearity of a simple wave group, and examine the effects of the nonlinear waves on a moored floating breakwater. This is done by producing simple wave groups in a wave flume, and examining the output. The laboratory tests were carried out in the wave flume at University of Padova in cooperation with Professor Luca Martinelli. The wave tests did not yield perfect results, as the exact generation of the desired waves was not possible. Though the desired waves were not generated, the results were considered to be suitable for the further analysis. A model of a floating breakwater was installed with mooring system consisting of crossing chains. The chains were fitted with strain gauges in order to obtain the forces in the mooring lines during testing. The motions of the model were recorded by an optical motion detection system. The results of the laboratory testing are analysed in order to determine the Response Amplitude Operator (ROA) of the floating breakwater, giving an indication of the response of the model with respect to the energy content of the waves. The RAO is found by determining the transfer function from the wave spectrum to the spectrum of the response for surge motions in the direction of the wave propagation, the pitch motions, rotations around the length axis of the model and for the forces occurring in the mooring lines. The surge motions show indication of a nonlinear response, with a large response at low frequencies, while the response at the input frequencies of the spectrum for all tests is close to 1.0. This is in correspondence with what has previously been documented regarding the response in a grouped sea state, and clearly shows the nonlinear behaviour of the waves. The pitch motions were found to have a more linear response, going well along with the fact that the amplitude of the nonlinear waves are considered small. The analysis of the forces in the mooring lines shows a nonlinear response as well. However, the result of the force analysis does not give good results due to the setup of the mooring system. The weight of the mooring lines is not enough to prevent snapping forces to occur, giving an unrealistic response of the forces. The overall analyses of the performed tests shows the presence of a nonlinear response, of the floating construction. This indicates that it is relevant to consider the grouping of waves, when designing the mooring systems of floating constructions.
Keywords
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