Keohane and Nye (2001) highlight that power calculation is even more delicate and deceptive than in previous ages, where interdependent economies, communications, and other human aspects are intertwined in the world as we know it today. However, it can be argued that the traditional realist concept of national security, together with interdependence and international regimes are also present in current global issues. In specific, this research intends to analyze the rationale behind the urge of the European Union to diversify its energy matrix, both to achieve the sustainable goals set on the Fit for 55 Package, but also to overcome the dependency on Russia in the face of the Russia-Ukraine war deployed on February 2022. This new factor implicated a shift in the EU-Russia relationship, having impacts in the energy context.
For this reason, this master’s thesis intends to further analyze the EU dependency on energy and its impacts on the EU green energy transformation through the Interdependency Theory lens. Nevertheless, given the scenario and the nature of the process leading the EU to change its energy strategies, is the EU promoting competitiveness in the growing market of sustainable energies according to Porter’s (1990) National Competitiveness framework? The findings point out that the Russia-Ukraine war has accelerated the green energy transformation in the EU, and there are significant EU initiatives promoting competitiveness in renewable alternatives, including biofuels that is the focus of analysis.