Background: Visceral pain is a crucial symptom in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and has been linked to alterations of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and its anti-nociceptive function. Modulation of the ANS using “Vagus Nerve Stimulation” (VNS) may be a promising treatment option in IBS and especially IBS-related visceral pain. However, the body of evidence whether VNS has beneficial effects on visceral pain in adults with IBS is undetermined. Objectives: This scoping review aims to summarize knowledge on ANS role in IBS (part 1) and to systematically identify literature and available evidence on VNS effects in IBS and IBS-related pain (part 2). Methods: The review process followed the PRISMA Statement (“Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses”) supplemented by PRISMA-ScR (“PRISMA extensions for scoping reviews”). Results: At all, 7 relevant studies were identified: 6 studies on VNS effects on somatic pain could be identified, 3 of these documented pain-reducing effects, 2 demonstrated pro-nociceptive effects. Further, 1 study investigating VNS in a model of visceral pain could be identified: VNS significantly reduced reactive esophageal hyperalgesia. No studies on VNS effects on either IBS or IBS-related pain could be identified. Conclusion: VNS is involved in both visceral and somatic pain modulation and exerts significant anti-nociceptive effects. This scoping review hopefully inspirers future research to start investigation of VNS conceivable potential in IBS and IBS-related pain.