Issue: Danish sports associations experience problems in recruiting and retaining volunteers to run the association. This problem is particularly prevalent after the closures of Danish society due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Problems with recruiting volunteers, for example in the form of board members and coaches, make it more difficult to offer sports activities to Danes, and thereby weaken sports as- sociations' contributions to the promotion of physical, mental, and social health. In connection with a reduced degree of volunteerism, a discrepancy is seen between societal tendencies and the organiza- tion of sports associations, which is why the problem is viewed from an organizational and manage- rial angle. Purpose: To investigate what opportunities and limitations sports associations experience in connection with the recruitment and retention of human resources and thereby establish a reflection model that can be used in sports associations to consider organizational opportunities and limitations in order to enact positive change. Method: The overall design is inspired by Maxwell's (2005) inter- active model for qualitative research, and the thesis has a phenomenological-hermeneutic position in scientific theory. A comparative qualitative case study design has been used, in which three semi- structured interviews have been conducted with leaders in three sports associations, with each associa- tion representing an individual case. The interviews were analyzed using Dahlager and Fredslund's (2011) analysis strategy. A systematic literature review has also been carried out, set up as a block search with three facets — “Organization and management”, “volunteering” and “sports associa- tion”—from which 12 articles were included in a review. Scopus, SportDiscus, idunn.no and the Dan- ish research database v. SDU were searched. The results of the qualitative analysis and the literature review were presented in logical models, in which resources, activities and potential outputs and out- comes were identified. Furthermore, a reflection model was developed through a reflective synthesis of the thesis results. A theoretical framework based on Luhmann's systems theory was employed. Results: Several resources that potentially have an impact on a sports association's ability to recruit and retain human resources were identified: relational, planning and management competencies; com- mitment and ambition; and the availability of human and structural capacity. A number of activities were also identified as having a potentially impact: complexity reduction through selection, distribu- tion and coordination; storytelling, ownership and recognition; alignment and communication of ex- pectations; social events; the development of a specific volunteer strategy; and education of members. Conclusion: Both societal factors, the local environment, and the association's own characteristics constitute a number of contextual conditions that an association should identify, analyze and reflect on in relation to its human capacity, competencies, decision making processes, complexity reduction and structural capacity.