Metrobussystems
Student thesis: Master thesis (including HD thesis)
- Majken Andersen
The metrobussystem was first introduced in Jönköping in Sweden, and led to a positive effect on the development of the city's passengernumbers. Later several other cities have tried to copy the concept, in order to achieve a similar success.
Aalborg is one of the cities that have implemented the principle from Jönköping: "Think tram - run the bus", and the metrobussystem was so imposed in 2004, with high hopes to reverse the decrease in passengernumbers. Today it is considered to develop similar solutions for public transport in several other Danish cities, among these is Odense.
This project includes first and foremost an evaluation of the metrobussystem in Aalborg, and subsequently a comparison with the system in Jönköping. Based on the experience of Aalborg and Jönköping it is furthermore attempted to design a metrobussystem for Odense, in order to improve the quality of the public transport.
The evaluation of the metrobussystem is made on the basis of analyses of passengercountings, customerstudies and GPS-data. In connection with the project, a passagercounting is implemented on metrobus 2 in Aalborg.
As a part of the project a study trip to Jönköping in Sweden has been carried out. The purpose was, to experience the system in practice, and to collect information and data. This constitutes the primary basis for comparison with the metrobussystem in Aalborg.
The basis for designing a metrobussystem in Odense, has been made on information about the location and number of jobs, residents and students.
1.1 The evaluation of the metrobussystem in Aalborg
The evaluation of the metrobussystem in Aalborg is designed to highlight, whether the shift in April 2004 has improved public transport in the city. This is done through an assessment of the actual passenger numbers, and by assessing whether the system meets the requirements for a metrobussystem. Finally a comparison of the before and after situations is completed.
From the developments of passengernumbers, in the period from 2003 to 2007, it can be concluded that the total number of passengers using the public transportation in Aalborg Kommune has decreased by 11 %. In that same period there has been a slight increase, in passengers using the city- and metrobusses, of about 2,5 %. The passenger development for the metrobusses has been negative resulting in a decrease from 2005 to 2007, of about 18 %. The only metrobusroute which has had a positive passenger development is route 2, which has had an increase in passengernumbers of about 12 %.
The metrobussystem meets in many respects the plan for public transportation´s requirements for the system's features. It is a simple and customers friendly product with good transfer facilities, and partly a high level of information. However, the frequency is no longer as high as in 2004, which has degraded the quality of the system significantly.
Compared to the situation in public transport before the restructuring, the introduction of the metrobussystem both led to improvements and deterioration. The load and accuracy of the busses are significantly improved, in return the passability has been reduced and there is still a discrepancy between traffic supply and demand.
Based on the results of the evaluation, it can be concluded, that public transport in Aalborg is in almost the same situation today, as it was before the introduction of the metrobussystem. It is estimated that the primary causes for this is the lack of political will to maintain the system, like it was, when it was introduced in 2004. The many retrenchments have degraded the quality of the metrobussystem substantially, and also created a bad image of public transport in the city.
1.2 Comparison of Aalborg and Jönköping
The comparison of the metrobussystem in Aalborg and Jönköping is designed to highlight whether the systems has achieved the same results, and to pinpoint the factors which are crucial for the success of a metrobussystem. This should also be a guide to whether a similar system can be recommended to other cities, which are in similar situation.
The comparison shows, that despite the similarities in the systems, there are also significant differences, that may have contributed to the bad result, of introducing the metrobussystem in Aalborg. The main reasons for this, can be tracked back to lack of focus during the marketing process, and to lack of political endorsement to maintain the quality of the system, as it was intended. Furthermore, the passability in Jönköping was significantly improved during the restructuring of the metrobussystem. That, however, has not been possible in Aalborg, due to financial constraints.
On the basis of the comparison of the two systems, experience, in the creation of a metrobussystem, has been built up. It can be concluded, that the importance of marketing is crucial. In addition, it is essential not to compromise on the initial objective for the system, and that the quality of the existing bus network is improved significantly during the modification, so that the system becomes more competitive.
Taking into account, the experience that has been made in Aalborg and Jönköping, it can usefully be recommended other cities, to implement a similar transformation of public transport, in order to establish a metrobussystem. This is currently being done in Odense, where public transport is in a similar situation, as Aalborg was before the conversion.
1.3 Introduction of the metrobussystem in Odense
Public transport in Odense is spread out in a starstructure, consisting of eight baselines with 16 linevariants. The many linevariants contributes to a confusing and unmanageable traffic system, and the frequency is low on many of the routes. In addition, the busses are run-down, and have a long journey and poor accuracy. Together with a decline in ridership around 35 % since 2003, this represents the background to convert public transport in Odense.
By introducing a metrobussystem, as the backbone of public transport in Odense, it is requested to turn the bus service more market-oriented. In the solution, it is proposed to establish four metrobusroutes as twofold radial lines with a common center in Odense Banegård Center (OBC). The lines established in the following corridors:
Bellinge - OBC – Agedrup
Bolbro - OBC – SDU
Allesø - OBC – Fraugde
Slukefter - OBC – Højby
In connection to the restructuring, it is furtherly recommended that the passability of the metrobussystems corridors is improved, and that the busses get replaced with more modern solutions.
It is also recommended to carefully consider whether the passengerbasis is big enough to support four metrobuslines. There is thus an opportunity to reduce the network to include only the first two lines, and later expand the network as needed.
Language | Danish |
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Publication date | 2008 |
Number of pages | 147 |
Publishing institution | AAU |
Keywords | metrobus, public transport |
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