This study has explored different types of wayfinding techniques and elements that can be used to help people navigate in both the real world and in virtual environments. As well as three ecological models, two of them (multiple nuclei and sector theory) were designed and tested to see if the zoning layout of the models affects the participant's wayfinding ability.

The research group gathered 41 participants (20 in control and 21 in experimental) and conducted a hypothesis test based on this sample size. The MannWhitney U test gave the research group a p-value of 0.394, which means we failed to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, there is no significant difference in player's perceived wayfinding between the sector and nuclei layout.

Despite nuclei layout being smaller than sector layout, the responses from nuclei participants do get more mentions of places like landmarks and districts more frequently of 112 in total and an average of 5.6 than sector layout where the responses mentioned a total of 90 places with an average of 4.2. The research group suspects this might be due to the extra edges and districts in the nuclei layout, which are elements from the Lynchian elements that help people navigate throughout an environment. If this is the case, then it would be interesting to see in future studies if the nuclei layout is better for constructing a mental map than the sector theory is.

Based on the data gathered, the two conditions seem to have neither a positive nor negative effect on the participants' wayfinding ability. However, some of the data does indicate that there might be some difference between the construction of the participant's mental map and the condition they were playing.