This thesis sets out to explore the implications of Big Data on human life. As an emerging technological phenomenon closely linked to the nature of data, it is hypothesized that it has far reaching consequences concerning human and philosophical domains of epistemology, ontology, causality and the perception of reality and how we apply meaning to the world. It determines three distinct ways of viewing data as a concept; technical, historical and cultural. These are in turn understood in the context of Kantian epistemology, Heideggerian ontology and philosophy of technology. Kant’s doctrine of Pure Reason is used as a starting point for grasping how humans acquire and can be said to possess knowledge of the world. Special emphasis is placed on the judgements of propositions and thereby truth, along with the transcendental illusion. Heidegger’s notion of Being is being laid out to develop an understanding of what existence means. His technology of philosophy is also used as a way of understanding the essence of technology, of which Big Data is closely linked. It is argued that Big Data fosters a new epistemological paradigm, in which human existence faces multiple challenges, concerning truth, objectivity and perception of reality. This in turn leaves us with ethical questions concerning the fast and widespread deployment of Big Data analysis in all domains of human life.