Assessment of disinfecting contaminated water bottles for reuse within potable water requirements in Tanzania.
Student thesis: Master Thesis and HD Thesis
- Line Møller Friis
3. term, Water and Environmental Engineering , Master (Master Programme)
Tanzania is a developing country, where the majority of the population are suffering from poverty and experiencing the severe consequences of climate change, resulting in great risks of waterborne diseases and related deaths due to inaccessibility to clean water. Both national and international initiatives have focused on increasing access to clean water, however contaminated bottles and containers for transporting the water remain a risk. This thesis has investigated the possibility of a cleaning unit that allows for the criteria of potable water, following the standards in Tanzania, to be withheld for water refilled in a cleaned bottle. The unit disinfects the bottles using ECA water, a sodium chloride based solution that inactivates the bacteria by oxidation, and does not require a rinse of the bottle after use. Cleaning time, concentration and water pressure were adjusted until a steady results of viable counts within the criteria for potable water could be met, where as little water as possible was wasted for cleaning. Alongside, the nozzle underwent physical modifications. It was found that a concentration of 30 ppm for 5 seconds of cleaning time with a water pressure of 2,6 bar will allow for the criteria to be met, and decrease the amount of viable counts of up to 99% from initial state of water in an uncleaned bottle. Furthermore an absence of Coliforms and E. coli is found, and insignificant levels of ATP is found on cap and mouth piece of bottle, and surface area of cleaning unit, indicating limited risks of transmitting diseases between users.
Language | English |
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Publication date | 2020 |
Number of pages | 103 |
External collaborator | Soacha APS Per Nielsen nielsen@kioowater.com Information group |