All over the world, construction is a major employer and contributor to economic development. Especially Hong Kong’s construction industry has experienced a rapid growth which contributed to a vast transportation network and urban infrastructure. (CLB, 2019) The high frequency of occupational injuries and fatalities in Hong Kong but also all around the globe highlight that workers in the construction industry are exposed to many hazards. (Choudhry R. M., 2014) In this thesis, the construction industries of Hong Kong and Romania are analyzed in more detail. It shall be used to reveal the hazards, risks, and challenges of occupational health and safety management in construction. Accidents occur due to unsafe conditions and mainly unsafe acts. (Abdelhamid & Everett, 2000) For the thesis, unsafe acts are of more research interest as their reduction will lead to fewer near misses and accidents. In the risk management part, the two concepts of Behavior Based Safety (BBS) and Proactive Behavior Based Safety (PBBS) will be introduced. International studies suggest improvement of health and safety in construction through BBS. However, due to construction sites’ dynamic, complexity, mobility, and altering nature, the long-term benefits of BBS may be difficult to achieve. (Skowron & Sobocinski, 2018) PBBS is a more recent concept and assists workers in detecting hazards and dangerous areas through proactive warning signals. PBBS represents a promising approach especially for large enterprises in Hong Kong’s construction industry to reduce risks and fatal consequences caused by working at heights and moving objects. (Li, Lu, Shu-Chien, Gray, & Huang, 2015) It is probably less suitable for small and medium-sized Romanian companies due to its costs.