China’s current development is under pressure from a sustainability perspective. Depleting resources and stagnating growth have inspired the Chinese government to formulate a new plan regarding urbanization, as that is deemed a pivotal point to ensure sustainable development. The plan is macroscopic, which leaves room for additional ideas. This research excavates the idea of urban agriculture as a potential contribution to sustainable development in urbanization and food security in China. The social and ecological aspects of sustainable development are embedded in urban agriculture, and it can enhance the fruitfulness of current policies.