The study “The causal mechanism of Taliban resurgence in Afghanistan” examines and analyses the causal mechanisms of Taliban re-emergence in Afghanistan, by searching an answer to the problem question of why was it possible for Taliban to re-emerge in Afghanistan after their defeat in 2001? Afghanistan has been in the center of international political debate for more than a decade, since the “war on terror” was proclaimed by U.S. in the October of 2001 and with the initial support of U.K., Canada and Australia and later also of other ISAF counties, the war began. Those 11 years of fighting have been hard and with a changing success. The war began with a hope and promises that it will be quick and victorious. Taliban, the target of the “war on terror”, was thought to be destroyed and defeated in a quick victory by the end of 2001. However, this has not been the case. The focus of the majority academic and journalistic literature has been on explaining the reasons behind the failure of the international community to secure a victory over Taliban. This study will deal with the causal mechanisms of Taliban re-emergence in Afghanistan.