Power Oscillation Damping in Hybrid Power Plants: Stability Analysis and Experimental Validation
Translated title
Power Oscillation Damping in Hybrid Power Plants
Authors
Lund, Kaare Lybech ; Élev, Simon Madsen
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2025
Submitted on
2025-05-28
Pages
136
Abstract
As power grids replace synchronous generators (large rotating machines) with inverter-based resources such as wind, solar and batteries, concerns about stability and insufficient damping of oscillations are increasing. This thesis examines how power oscillation damping (POD) can be implemented in hybrid power plants combining wind turbines, photovoltaic panels and battery energy storage. Two controller designs were developed: POD-P, which responds to deviations in active power (P), and POD-Q, which responds to deviations in reactive power (Q). Both use lead–lag compensators, a simple, fixed-parameter (static) control approach. A state-space modelling framework was built to analyse stability and guide controller tuning. The models were validated through time-domain simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments on a dSPACE platform. In some scenarios, both methods reduced oscillation amplitudes, but the results also highlighted the limits of static compensators in a grid that changes over time. In particular, POD-P was sensitive to measurement noise and disturbances, and required a low-pass filter to be practically viable. Overall, the findings indicate that while passive POD strategies can provide improvements, more adaptive control may be needed to meet evolving grid stability requirements.
Efterhånden som elnettet skifter fra synkrongeneratorer (store, roterende maskiner) til omformerbaserede ressourcer som vind, sol og batterier, vokser bekymringen for stabilitet og utilstrækkelig dæmpning af svingninger. Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan dæmpning af effekt-oscillationer (POD, Power Oscillation Damping) kan implementeres i hybride kraftanlæg bestående af vindmøller, solceller og batterilagring. To reguleringsstrategier blev udviklet: POD-P, der reagerer på afvigelser i aktiv effekt (P), og POD-Q, der reagerer på afvigelser i reaktiv effekt (Q). Begge er baseret på lead–lag-kompensatorer, en simpel, statisk regulatortype. En tilstandsrumsmodel blev opbygget for at analysere stabiliteten og vejlede indstillingen af regulatorerne. Modellerne blev valideret med tidsdomænesimuleringer og eksperimenter i en dSPACE hardware-in-the-loop-opstilling. Begge metoder reducerede i nogle tilfælde svingningsamplituden, men resultaterne viste også begrænsninger ved at bruge statiske kompensatorer i et elnet, der ændrer sig over tid. Især var POD-P følsom over for målesignalstøj og forstyrrelser, og krævede et lavpasfilter for at være praktisk anvendelig. Samlet set tyder resultaterne på, at passive POD-tilgange kan give forbedringer, men at mere adaptive reguleringsmetoder kan være nødvendige for at opfylde fremtidige stabilitetskrav.
[This apstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]
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