Polymersolceller: skridt mod forbedring af effektiviteten
Translated title
Polymer Solar Cells: Steps Towards Improving the Power Conversion Efficiency
Author
Riisager, Lasse Bo Lumholdt
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2009
Pages
76
Abstract
Hensigten med denne kandidatafhandling er at øge effektiviteten af polymersolceller ved at styre morfologien (den indre struktur) i det aktive lag. Idéen var at bruge blokcopolymere, som spontant faseseparerer i nanoskala, for at skabe en kontrolleret struktur. Donor- og acceptorpolymere blev udvalgt på baggrund af deres båndgap (energiforskel, der påvirker lysabsorption) og relative LUMO-niveauer (elektroners energiniveauer) for at maksimere ydelsen. De specifikt udvalgte donor- og acceptorpolymere kunne dog ikke fremstilles på grund af problemer med syntese og oprensning af monomerer. Grignard-metatesen blev forsøgt til polymerisation, men gav ingen polymere, fordi katalysatoren var inaktiv. I stedet blev tre copolymere fremstillet ved Suzuki-kobling. Materialerne blev karakteriseret med UV/vis-spektroskopi (lysabsorption) og gelpermeationskromatografi (molekylestørrelsesfordeling) og afprøvet i polymersolceller med [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butansyremethylester som elektronacceptor. Af de tre gav den nye polymer, syntetiseret ud fra 9,9-dioctylfluoren-2,7-diborsyre-bis(1,3-propandiol)ester og 5,5’’-dibromo-3’,4’-dinitroterthiphen, den højeste effektivitet: 0,011 %.
This master's thesis aims to increase the efficiency of polymer solar cells by controlling the morphology (internal structure) of the active layer. The idea was to use block copolymers, which naturally phase-separate at the nanoscale, to create a controlled structure. Donor and acceptor polymers were selected based on their bandgap (energy difference affecting light absorption) and relative LUMO levels (electron energy levels) to maximize performance. The chosen donor and acceptor polymers could not be synthesized due to problems with monomer synthesis and purification. Grignard metathesis was attempted for polymerization but produced no polymers because the catalyst was inactive. Instead, three copolymers were synthesized using Suzuki coupling. The materials were characterized by UV/vis spectroscopy (light absorption) and gel permeation chromatography (molecular size distribution), and tested in polymer solar cells with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester as the electron acceptor. Of the three, the new polymer synthesized from 9,9-dioctylfluoren-2,7-diboronic acid bis(1,3-propanediol) ester and 5,5''-dibromo-3',4'-dinitroterthiophene showed the highest efficiency: 0.011%.
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