Personlighed og psykoterapi: - et korrelationsstudie af klienters typeindstilling og deres effekt af CFT eller ACT

Ravnmark, Anne Mette

4. semester

Psykologi, Kandidat

2014

2014-06-12

79

Denne speciales undersøgelse udspringer af en praktisk udfordring: match mellem klient og psykoterapi er ofte tilfældigt eller styret af diagnose, mens personlighed sjældent inddrages. Formålet var at afklare, om klienters præference for introversion eller ekstroversion hænger sammen med effekten af Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) og Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT). Med afsæt i Jung’s typologi og en teorigennemgang af ACT og CFT blev to hypoteser formuleret: (1) introversion er positivt forbundet med effekt af CFT, og (2) ekstroversion er positivt forbundet med effekt af ACT. Hypoteserne blev testet i et korrelationsbaseret pilotstudie med pre- og postmålinger på Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) og introvert/ekstrovert-dimensionen fra Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Deltagerne var 9 klienter (4 i CFT, 5 i ACT). Begge hypoteser fik ikke støtte, idet korrelationerne var meget lave og ikke-signifikante. Derimod fremkom en signifikant, stærk negativ korrelation mellem ekstroversion og forbedringer i selvmedfølelse hos ACT-klienter samt en stærk, men ikke-signifikant, negativ korrelation mellem ekstroversion og forbedringer i psykologisk fleksibilitet hos CFT-klienter. Fundene peger på, at mere ekstroverte klienter kan have lavere eller langsommere udbytte end mere introverte i disse forløb. Resultaterne er foreløbige og begrænset af det lille sample og metodiske forhold, men antyder, at personlighed kan være relevant ved matchning af klient og terapi og bør undersøges videre i større studier.

This thesis addresses a practical challenge in psychotherapy: clients are often matched to treatments either randomly or by diagnosis, while personality is rarely considered. The study examined whether clients’ preference for introversion or extraversion is related to outcomes in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT). Drawing on Jung’s typology and a theoretical review of ACT and CFT, two hypotheses were proposed: (1) introversion is positively associated with CFT outcomes, and (2) extraversion is positively associated with ACT outcomes. A correlational pilot study with pre- and post-assessments used the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), and the introversion/extraversion dimension from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The sample comprised 9 clients (4 in CFT, 5 in ACT). Both primary hypotheses showed very low, non-significant correlations and were not supported. However, a significant strong negative correlation was found between extraversion and gains in self-compassion among ACT clients, and a strong but non-significant negative correlation was found between extraversion and gains in psychological flexibility among CFT clients. These patterns suggest that more extraverted clients may experience lower or slower improvement than more introverted clients in these therapies. While preliminary and constrained by the small sample and methodological limits, the findings point to personality as a potentially relevant factor in matching clients to therapies and warrant larger-scale studies.

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