Lighedspunkterne mellem kaution og bankgarantier
Oversat titel
Similarites between guarantee and bank guarantee.
Forfatter
Andersen, Lone
Semester
4. semester
Uddannelse
Udgivelsesår
2005
Antal sider
85
Resumé
Specialet undersøger lighedspunkterne mellem kaution og bankgarantier i dansk ret med udgangspunkt i kreditors behov for sikkerhed ved kreditkøb. Det indleder med at afgrænse begreberne: Kaution beskrives som en personlig, accessorisk forpligtelse, hvor kautionisten hæfter subsidiært for hovedmandens gæld, mens bankgaranti i snæver forstand er en selvstændig betalingsforpligtelse og i bred forstand i praksis også omfatter forpligtelser, der ligner kaution. Da der kun findes spredt og begrænset lovregulering, fremhæves betydningen af aftalefrihed, almindelige aftaleretlige principper og retspraksis ved fortolkning og udfyldning. Specialet gennemgår centrale former og funktioner (bl.a. anfordringsgaranti, selvskyldnerkaution, simpel kaution og forskellige garantiformer), parternes indbyrdes retsforhold, stiftelse og indhold af forpligtelserne, indsigelser og udbetalingsbetingelser, regres, konkurs og ophør. Metodisk anvendes en retsdogmatisk analyse baseret på dansk teori og domspraksis; for bankgarantier inddrages især Hans Viggo Godsk Pedersens fremstilling, som vurderes kritisk i lyset af praksis. Specialet belyser, at ”garanti” i praksis ofte bruges bredt, at visse kautionsformer kan genfindes i bankgarantier, og at de to sikringsformer i vidt omfang anvender de samme grundlæggende principper; de konkrete nuanceringer og sammenfatningen fremgår af den efterfølgende analyse.
The thesis examines the similarities between suretyship and bank guarantees under Danish law, starting from the creditor’s need for protection in credit transactions. It distinguishes the concepts: suretyship is presented as an accessory obligation where the surety is secondarily liable for the principal debtor’s performance, whereas a bank guarantee in the narrow sense is an independent payment undertaking and, in practice, in a broader sense also covers commitments akin to suretyship. Because specific statutory regulation is limited and fragmented, the analysis highlights the role of contractual freedom, general contract-law principles, and case law for interpretation and gap-filling. The thesis reviews key forms and functions (including demand guarantees, “selvskyldnerkaution,” simple surety, and various guarantee types), the legal relationships among the parties, formation and content of obligations, defenses and payment conditions, recourse, insolvency, and termination. Methodologically, it is a doctrinal analysis drawing on Danish legal scholarship and case law; for bank guarantees it particularly engages with Hans Viggo Godsk Pedersen’s work, assessed critically against judicial decisions. The thesis shows that “guarantee” is used broadly in practice, that certain surety forms carry over into bank guarantee practice, and that both security instruments largely operate under the same foundational principles; detailed nuances and the synthesis are set out in the subsequent analysis.
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