Integration of large-scale electrolysers in the Danish energy system
Authors
Løgsted, Tim ; Hansen, Marco Rosenkrands
Term
4. Term
Publication year
2021
Submitted on
2021-06-04
Pages
131
Abstract
Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan store elektrolyseanlæg kan indgå i det danske energisystem og transmissionsnet i 2030. Elektrolyseanlæg bruger strøm til at spalte vand og producere brint og kan fungere som fleksibelt elforbrug. Vi bruger en partiel-ligevægts energisystemmodel til at vurdere, hvilke kapaciteter der er hensigtsmæssige for produktion, forbrug og lagring. Derefter gennemfører vi en DC load flow-analyse (en forenklet netberegning) for at se, hvordan forskellige størrelser og placeringer af elektrolyseanlæg påvirker belastningen af transmissionsnettet, givet den samlede systemsammensætning. Teorier om synoptisk planlægning og passende detaljeringsniveau bruges til at styre afgrænsning og detaljegrad. Resultaterne viser, at store elektrolysekapaciteter kan gøre det lettere at integrere mere fluktuerende vedvarende energi (særligt vind) og øge udnyttelsen af disse anlæg. Samtidig kan elektrolyseanlæg mindske behovet for andre fleksible forbrugere, fx elkedler. Set fra et netperspektiv kan store elektrolyseanlæg indpasses uden overbelastning, hvis de placeres i indfødningszoner for havvind og drives proportionalt med vindproduktionen. Under disse forudsætninger kan større elektrolysekapaciteter endda reducere netbelastningen sammenlignet med mindre kapaciteter.
This thesis examines how large-scale electrolysers can be integrated into Denmark’s energy system and transmission grid in 2030. Electrolysers use electricity to split water and produce hydrogen, and they can act as flexible electricity demand. We apply a partial-equilibrium energy system model to identify suitable capacities for production, consumption, and storage. We then run a DC load flow analysis (a simplified power-flow study) to assess how different electrolyser sizes, locations, and overall system setups affect transmission grid loading. Concepts from synoptic planning and the adequate level of detail guide the scope and level of detail. The results indicate that large electrolyser capacities can enable greater integration and utilisation of fluctuating renewable generation (notably wind). Electrolysers can also reduce the need for other flexible demand units, such as electric boilers. From a grid perspective, large electrolyser capacities can be integrated without overloading if they are located in feed-in zones for offshore wind and operated in proportion to wind output. Under these conditions, larger electrolyser capacities can even decrease grid loading compared with smaller capacities.
[This summary has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]
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