FUTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT THE CONTRUCTION SITE: BIM INSIDE THE CONTRACTORS ORGANIZATION: INFORMATION SHARING AND TRANSFERRING ALONG THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE. APPLICATION OF BIM IN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Author
Picareta da Graca, Carlos Jorge
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2014
Submitted on
2014-06-06
Pages
289
Abstract
Bygge- og anlægsvirksomheder står i dag over for færre projekter og hård konkurrence, som ofte presser tilbudspriserne urealistisk langt ned og ender i tab. Mange af disse tab skyldes svag intern kommunikation og siloer mellem afdelinger, der arbejder som separate enheder. Building Information Modelling (BIM), på dansk bygningsinformationsmodellering, er opstået som en samarbejdsorienteret tilgang, der kan afhjælpe disse problemer. BIM bruger parametrisk bygningsdesign, hvor digitale objekter bærer information og kan visualiseres i 3D. Ved at tilføje tid og omkostninger til modellen kan byggeprocessen simuleres og vises mere realistisk. BIM har understøttet design, udførelse og drift af mange projekter, men anvendelsen i infrastrukturprojekter er langt mindre undersøgt. Denne afhandling undersøger informationsflowet i bygge- og anlægsvirksomheder og ser på, om BIM’s samarbejdsfunktioner kan forbedre deling og overførsel af information i udførelsesfasen. Da BIM stadig er under indfasning, analyseres også de organisatoriske og arbejdsmæssige processer, der kræves for at implementere det. Arbejdet gennemgår udvalgte BIM-værktøjer og vurderer, hvordan BIM kan anvendes i et infrastrukturprojekt. Afhandlingen er struktureret i seks kapitler: en introduktion til problem og afgrænsning; metode; centrale begreber i byggeledelse og projektledelse; et state-of-the-art-afsnit om BIM med definition, historie, modenhed og cases; en analyse af aktuelle problemer, behov og mulige fremtidige løsninger; samt en afsluttende diskussion med konklusioner og forslag til fremtidigt arbejde.
Construction companies currently face fewer available projects and intense competition, which often drives bid prices unrealistically low and leads to losses. Many of these losses stem from weak internal communication and siloed departments that operate as if they were separate firms. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as a collaborative approach that may help address these issues. BIM uses parametric building design, where digital objects carry information and can be viewed in 3D. By adding time and cost to the model, the construction process can be simulated and visualized more realistically. BIM has supported the design, construction, and facility management of many projects, but its use in infrastructure projects has been studied far less. This thesis examines information flows within construction companies and investigates whether BIM’s collaborative features can improve information sharing and transfer during the construction phase. Because BIM adoption is still developing, the thesis also looks at the organizational and work processes required to implement it. It reviews selected BIM tools and considers how BIM can be applied in an infrastructure project. The thesis is organized into six chapters: an introduction to the problem and scope; the methodology; key concepts in construction and project management; the state of the art of BIM, including its definition, history, level of development, and case studies; an analysis of current problems, needs, and possible future solutions; and a final discussion with conclusions and suggestions for future work.
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