Fra Kolonial Modstand til Revolution: Hvordan egyptisk nationalidentitet har udviklet sig i det 20. og 21. århundrede

Laursen, Emil Christian ; Wilms, Emil Frederik ; Sørensen, Tobias

4. semester

Historie, Kandidat

2024

2024-12-19

133 pages

This master's thesis examines the formation of national identities in Egypt from 1900 to 2020, with a particular focus on the role of elites in this process. Egyptian national identities have undergone several changes throughout this period. This constant transformation was influenced by political, cultural, and social changes, many of which were related to these elites. The early days of Egyptian nationalism were dominated by the visions of Ahmad Lutfi al-Sayyid, which were firmly based on a European way of interpreting national identities and nationalism. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Egyptian national identities were dominated by two differing ideologies, both with grander interpretations of the nation and national identity than had been the case before. These interpretations were based on a much broader civilizational idea of the Middle East. These ideologies were pan-Arabism and pan-Islamism, led by Gamal Abdel Nasser and the Muslim Brotherhood, respectively. During this period, Egyptian national identity was characterized by the ambition of becoming a regional power. This ambition was reinforced by their victory over their former oppressor, Great Britain. However, after the catastrophic loss in 1967, Egyptian national identity once again shifted into a more isolated national identity. Because of this Egypt found stability through a more territorial nationalism and identity which main focus was Egypt itself. This all changed with the Arab Spring, which promised reforms and a change in course. However, it was short-lived, and the elected president from the Muslim Brotherhood was deposed in another revolution only a year after his election. From this point on, Egyptian national identity became a hybrid of territorial nationalism and Islam. This thesis concludes that religion played a pivotal role throughout this period, which seems to have increased over time. We conclude that the reason for this increase can be attributed to a response to the influx of Western ideas and ideals in Egypt throughout the period.

Nationalisme, nation, egypten, identitet, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Mustafa Kamil, Anwar Sadat, Ahmad Lutfi Sayyid, Sa'ad Zahglul, Hassan al-Hudaybi, Hassan al-Banna, Sayyid Qubt, Hosni Mubarak, Mohammed Morsi, Abdel Fatah al-Sisi, Mustafa al-Nahhas

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