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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Fashionably circular: A mapping of circular strategies in the Danish fashion industry

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2020

Submitted on

Pages

78

Abstract

Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan danske modevirksomheder arbejder strategisk med at omsætte cirkulær økonomi og bæredygtighed til praksis. Modebranchen er en af de mest ressource- og energiintensive industrier, og mange materialer går tabt, fordi tøjet bruges for lidt og sjældent genanvendes. Den danske branche har erklæret ambitioner om at blive global frontløber i bæredygtig mode, men konkrete resultater er endnu i en tidlig fase. Afhandlingen bruger et begrebsapparat om cirkulær økonomi og forretningsmodeller for at forstå, hvordan og hvorfor virksomheder vælger at implementere cirkulære løsninger. Data stammer fra interviews med tre danske modevirksomheder—Wood Wood, By Malene Birger og Better World Fashion—samt virksomhedernes egne materialer om deres bæredygtighedsstrategier, ekspertinterviews og relevant litteratur. Virksomhedernes initiativer blev kortlagt efter fem cirkulære strategier (Slow, Narrow, Close, Regenerate og Inform) og tre forretningsområder (Materialer, Produktkæde og Forretningsmodeller). Kort fortalt handler de fem strategier om at forlænge produkters levetid, bruge færre materialer, lukke kredsløb via genbrug og genanvendelse, skifte til fornybare og mindre skadelige ressourcer og informere kunder og partnere bedre. Analysen viser, at virksomhederne især prioriterer økomærker og certificeringer vedrørende sociale forhold og skadelige stoffer. Dernæst følger brugen af genanvendte og genanvendelige tekstiler i kollektionerne, med andele af genanvendt indhold fra 15 % til 98 %. De mest brugte cirkulære forretningsmodeller er “produkt som en service” (fx leje/abonnement) og take-back-ordninger. Nyere virksomheder er ofte startet med cirkularitet som en kerneværdi og klarer sig generelt bedre, mens mere etablerede virksomheder afprøver cirkulære tilgange, men stadig er i en indledende fase. Branchen kan opnå sociale, miljømæssige og økonomiske gevinster ved at integrere cirkulær økonomi i forretningsmodellerne. De største barrierer er manglende ledelsesopbakning og prioritering af investeringer, fravær af et reguleringsmæssigt rammeværk, der belønner cirkulære valg, samt et systemisk lock-in i lineære, hurtigskiftende fast fashion-modeller. Bæredygtighed har været et varmt emne i den danske modebranche de seneste år, og udbruddet af COVID-19 og den efterfølgende økonomiske krise kan være et vindue for investeringer i radikal innovation og en omlægning af forretningspraksis. At være tættere på værdierne om bæredygtighed og cirkularitet kan forbedre kundernes opfattelse og blive afgørende for virksomheders overlevelse i et fremtidigt, usikkert marked.

This thesis examines how companies in the Danish fashion industry work strategically to put circular economy and sustainability into practice. Fashion is one of the most resource- and energy-intensive industries, and many materials are lost because garments are underused and seldom recycled. The Danish industry has set ambitions to lead in sustainable fashion, but concrete results are still at an early stage. The study applies a framework that combines circular economy and business models to understand how and why companies implement circular solutions. Empirical data come from interviews with three Danish fashion companies—Wood Wood, By Malene Birger, and Better World Fashion—supplemented by company materials on sustainability strategies, expert interviews, and the relevant literature. Company initiatives were mapped against five circular strategies (Slow, Narrow, Close, Regenerate, and Inform) and three business areas (Materials, Product chain, and Business models). In simple terms, these strategies aim to extend product lifetimes, use fewer materials, close loops through reuse and recycling, shift to renewable and less harmful resources, and better inform customers and partners. The analysis shows that companies mainly emphasize ecolabels and certifications related to social issues and hazardous substances. Next comes the use of recycled and recyclable fabrics in collections, with recycled content ranging from 15% to 98%. The most common circular business models are product-as-a-service (e.g., rental/subscription) and take-back schemes. Newer companies are often founded with circularity as a core value and generally perform better, while more established firms are piloting circular approaches but remain at an early stage. If adopted more widely, circular economy practices could improve social, environmental, and financial sustainability in Danish fashion. Key barriers include lack of management buy-in and investment priority, the absence of a regulatory framework that rewards circular choices, and systemic lock-in to linear, fast-fashion models. Sustainability has been widely discussed in the Danish fashion industry in recent years, and the outbreak of COVID-19 and the subsequent financial crisis may offer a window to invest in disruptive innovation and reshape business practices. Being more aligned with sustainability and circularity is expected to improve customer perception and may be crucial for survival in an uncertain future market.

[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]