Etniske minoritetspiger: Bevæggrunde for deltagelse eller fravær i idrætsforeninger
Oversat titel
Ethnic minority girls' reasons for participation or absence in Sports organizations
Forfatter
Molbech, Jakob Andersen
Semester
4. semester
Uddannelse
Udgivelsesår
2017
Afleveret
2017-06-07
Antal sider
239
Abstract
Idrætsforeningers betydning for at integrere etniske minoriteter har fået større opmærksomhed i de senere år. Alligevel har forskningen mest været kvantitativ (tal- og spørgeskemabaseret) og har målt, hvor mange der deltager og hvor meget tid, de bruger. Disse studier viser, at personer med etnisk minoritetsbaggrund er mindre fysisk aktive og deltager mindre i idrætsforeninger. Der ses ikke markante forskelle for drenge og mænd; forskellene ligger især blandt piger og kvinder. Denne undersøgelse adresserer manglen på viden om etniske minoritetspigers egne perspektiver. Formålet var kvalitativt (dybdegående, interviewbaseret) at undersøge, hvilke grunde pigerne selv angiver til at deltage i eller fravælge danske idrætsforeninger. Jeg gennemførte fire fokusgruppeinterview med tolv piger med etnisk minoritetsbaggrund, både piger der er medlemmer af en idrætsforening og piger, der står uden for foreningslivet. Interviewene pegede på, at følgende forhold fremmer deltagelse: en følelse af fællesskab og at høre til; at kulturelle og religiøse værdier bliver anerkendt og respekteret; samt muligheden for at få nye venner. Dette gjaldt også for piger uden foreningsmedlemskab, der så foreninger som en vej til nye bekendtskaber i majoriteten. Forældreopbakning til fysisk aktivitet og foreningsliv havde betydning, og medlemskab udvidede pigernes sociale netværk. De forhold, der begrænsede deltagelsen, var især skole og uddannelse – både tidsforbrug, prioritering og forældres vægt på uddannelse – samt mangel på et netværk af venner eller familie, der kunne introducere pigerne til foreningslivet, og at mangle venner i selve foreningen. Derudover blev foreninger opfattet som dyre, og deres mindre fleksible træningstider blev set som en ulempe sammenlignet med kommercielle sportstilbud. På tværs af begge grupper var det tydeligt, at pigerne havde interesse i både fysisk aktivitet og deltagelse i idrætsforeninger. Det rejser spørgsmål om, hvilke muligheder foreningerne tilbyder, og hvor godt de matcher pigernes ønsker og behov.
In recent years, the role of sports clubs in integrating ethnic minorities has gained attention. Yet most research has been quantitative (numbers-based surveys), measuring how many people take part and how much time they spend. These studies show that people with ethnic minority backgrounds are less physically active and participate less in sports clubs. There are no major differences for boys and men; the gaps are seen mainly among girls and women. This study addresses the lack of research on ethnic minority girls’ own perspectives. The aim was to use a qualitative approach (in-depth, interview-based) to explore the reasons girls themselves give for joining or not joining Danish sports clubs. I conducted four focus-group interviews with twelve girls with ethnic minority backgrounds, including both current club members and girls who are not involved in club sports. Across the interviews, the following factors encouraged participation: a sense of belonging and community; recognition and respect for cultural and religious values; and opportunities to make new friends. This also applied to girls who were not club members, who saw clubs as a way to meet new friends from the majority population. Parental support for physical activity and club participation mattered, and joining a club expanded many girls’ social networks. Factors that limited participation included school and education—time demands, prioritization, and parents’ emphasis on education—as well as lacking a network of friends or family to introduce them to clubs and not having friends inside the club. Clubs were also seen as expensive, and their less flexible training schedules were viewed as a disadvantage compared with commercial sports options. Across both groups, it was clear that the girls were interested in physical activity and in club participation. This prompts reflection on what opportunities clubs offer and how well these match the girls’ needs and preferences.
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