Et teoretisk speciale om forholdet mellem overgreb i barndommen og forekomsten af psykopatologi i voksenlivet - self-compassion som medierende faktor

A theoretical master's thesis about the association between childhood maltreatment and adult psychopathology - self-compassion as a mediator

Jensen, Majken Alstrup

4. semester

Psykologi, Kandidat

2023

2023-06-01

55

Dette speciale undersøger, om self-compassion kan forklare sammenhængen mellem overgreb i barndommen og forekomsten af psykopatologi i voksenlivet. Med afsæt i den høje globale forekomst af børnemishandling og veldokumenterede sammenhænge mellem barndomstraumer og psykiske problemer, blev der gennemført et litteraturreview med søgninger i PsycInfo, Scopus og Web of Science. Inklusionskriterierne omfattede voksne med mindst én barndoms-overgrebserfaring, anvendelse af mål for self-compassion og psykopatologi, peer-reviewede, empiriske, kvantitative studier på dansk eller engelsk. I alt blev 9 tværsnitsstudier med 7333 deltagere inkluderet. Trods variation i prøver og mål peger resultaterne samlet på, at self-compassion kan forklare (mediere) sammenhængen mellem overgreb i barndommen og psykopatologi: fire studier fandt mediation, mens to ikke gjorde; tre studier fandt, at self-compassion modererer sammenhængen. Derudover fremstod fear of self-compassion, self-coldness, skam, negative automatiske tanker og selvkritik som medierende faktorer. Fundene drøftes i lyset af bl.a. tilknytningsteori og teorier om self-compassion, og der peges på behov for mere forskning for at afklare, om effekterne primært skyldes lav self-compassion eller høj self-coldness. Overordnet tyder resultaterne på, at self-compassion kan afbøde negative følger af barndomsovergreb, og at det kan være et relevant terapeutisk fokus for voksne med sådanne erfaringer.

This thesis examines whether self-compassion helps explain the link between childhood maltreatment and adult psychopathology. Against the backdrop of high global rates of child abuse and well-established associations between early adversity and mental health problems, a literature review was conducted using PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria required adult participants with at least one childhood maltreatment experience, use of self-compassion and psychopathology measures, peer-reviewed empirical quantitative designs, and publications in English or Danish. Nine cross-sectional studies with 7,333 participants met criteria. Despite heterogeneity in samples and measures, findings overall suggest that self-compassion can account for (mediate) the association between childhood maltreatment and psychopathology: four studies found mediation, two did not, and three reported that self-compassion moderates this relationship. Additional mediators identified included fear of self-compassion, self-coldness, shame, negative automatic thoughts, and self-criticism. The findings are discussed in relation to attachment and self-compassion theories, with a call for further research to clarify whether effects reflect low self-compassion or high self-coldness. Overall, self-compassion appears to buffer the negative consequences of childhood maltreatment and may be a valuable therapeutic target for adults with such histories.

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