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Environmental Justice, Coloniality, and Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: A Qualitative Case Study of the Munduruku's Conceptions of Environmental Justice Struggles in the Amazon Basin of Brazil

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2021

Submitted on

Pages

74

Abstract

Dette kvalitative casestudie undersøger Munduruku, et oprindeligt folk i Amazonas i Brasilien, som møder miljømæssige og sociale uretfærdigheder, mens udviklingsplaner truer deres land og rettigheder. Studiet anvender Schlosbergs ramme for miljøretfærdighed sammen med ideer om ‘kolonialitet’ af magt, viden, væren og retfærdighed—vedvarende magtstrukturer med rødder i kolonihistorier. Det vurderer kritisk, hvor godt rammen passer til oprindelige folks kampe, og afsøger mulige udvidelser, med særlig vægt på oprindelige folks vidensproduktion, anerkendelse af trossystemer og ‘mere‑end‑menneskelige’ eller økologiske tilgange, der inddrager relationer til ikke‑menneskelige væsener og økosystemer. På baggrund af dokumenter, interviews og taler produceret af Munduruku blev materialet analyseret med tematisk analyse efter Braun og Clarke, en metode til systematisk at identificere gennemgående temaer. Det overordnede spørgsmål var, hvordan Munduruku forstår og definerer ‘miljø’ og ‘retfærdighed’. Analysen pegede på tre områder: (1) Miljø—bånd på tværs af generationer, kulturelle, spirituelle og fysiske relationer til land samt ontologier (grundlæggende forståelser af virkeligheden); (2) Retfærdighed—rettigheder, deltagelse og anerkendelse; og (3) Viden og uddannelse. Studiet konkluderer, at selv om miljøretfærdighed er en nyttig ramme, må den tilpasses Munduruku og andre oprindelige folk. Historiske, politiske, økonomiske, sociale og kulturelle magtforhold—særligt videnens kolonialitet—skal inddrages, sammen med anerkendelse af oprindelige epistemologier (måder at kende på) og ontologier i både akademiske begreber og praksis. Det fremhæver også, at undersøgelser af relationer mellem mennesker og ikke‑mennesker er afgørende for at forstå, hvad ‘miljø’ betyder i disse sammenhænge.

This qualitative case study examines the Munduruku, an Indigenous people in Brazil’s Amazon, who face environmental and social injustices as development plans threaten their lands and rights. The study uses Schlosberg’s Environmental Justice framework together with ideas about the ‘coloniality’ of power, knowledge, being, and justice—ongoing power structures rooted in colonial histories. It critically assesses how well this framework fits Indigenous struggles and explores ways to expand it, with special attention to Indigenous knowledge production, the recognition of belief systems, and ‘more‑than‑human’ or ecological approaches that consider relationships with non‑human beings and ecosystems. Drawing on documents, interviews, and speeches produced by the Munduruku, the material was examined using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis, a method for systematically identifying recurring themes. The guiding question was how the Munduruku understand and define ‘environment’ and ‘justice’. The analysis highlighted three areas: (1) Environment—intergenerational ties, cultural, spiritual, and physical relationships to land, and ontologies (ways of understanding reality); (2) Justice—rights, participation, and recognition; and (3) Knowledge and education. The study concludes that while Environmental Justice is a useful framework, it must be adapted for the Munduruku and other Indigenous peoples. Historical, political, economic, social, and cultural power relations—especially the coloniality of knowledge—need to be included, along with the recognition of Indigenous epistemologies (ways of knowing) and ontologies in both academic concepts and real‑world practice. It also argues that examining human–non‑human relationships is essential for understanding what ‘environment’ means in these contexts.

[This summary has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]