Diagnosekultur - Et teoretisk studie af samfundets diagnoseforståelse og betydningen af diagnosticering for individet
Oversat titel
Diagnostic culture - A theoretical study of the society's understanding of diagnosis and the meaning of diagnosing for the individual
Forfatter
Nissen, Mie Bladt Fink
Semester
4. semester
Uddannelse
Udgivelsesår
2017
Afleveret
2017-05-30
Antal sider
79
Abstract
Dette teoretiske projekt undersøger, hvordan diagnoser forstås i dagens samfund, og hvad det betyder for den enkelte at få en diagnose. Først gives en historisk gennemgang af sygdomsforståelse og diagnosemanualer samt en drøftelse af, hvad der opfattes som normalitet. Herefter analyseres de rammer, der former diagnoseforståelsen, som skabt af diagnosemanualer, der trækker grænsen mellem det normale og det patologiske med udgangspunkt i Allan V. Horwitz’ og Jerome C. Wakefields forklaring af patologisering; af kravene i præstationssamfundet, som påvirker præstationsindividet, i henhold til Anders Petersens epidemiforklaring; og af accelerationer i samfundet, som beskrevet i Hartmut Rosas teori om accelerationssamfundet. Betydningen af at få en diagnose belyses gennem, hvordan individet fortolker sig selv i Rosas selvfortolkningsmodel, hvordan mennesker kategoriserer sig selv ifølge Henri Tajfel og John Turners socialidentitetstilgang, og hvordan andre kan kategorisere en person og tillægge stigma i Erving Goffmans stigmateori. I diskussionsdelen undersøges, hvorfor færre mennesker end forventet ser ud til at have en formel diagnose, selv om teorierne peger mod en stigning. Mulige forklaringer omfatter øget resiliens, balancen mellem sårbarhed og modstandskraft, fravær af traumatiske oplevelser eller at samfundet kan fremme resiliens; at mange kan følge med accelerationens tempo; eller at diagnosetermer bruges i hverdagen uden lægelig bekræftelse. Afslutningsvis drøftes fordele og ulemper ved at blive diagnosticeret: Fordele kan være en forklaring på oplevede forskelle, lettelse fra skyld og skam og at bruge diagnosen som en undskyldning; ulemper kan være en følelse af at blive fastholdt i en bestemt identitet og risiko for stigmatisering. Til sidst sammenlignes teoriernes ligheder og forskelle på tværs af tre temaer.
This theoretical thesis examines how diagnoses are understood in contemporary society and what it means for an individual to receive one. It begins with a historical overview of ideas about illness and diagnostic manuals, and a discussion of what counts as normality. The analysis then treats the frameworks that shape diagnosis as produced by diagnostic manuals that draw boundaries between the normal and the pathological, drawing on Allan V. Horwitz and Jerome C. Wakefield’s account of pathologization; by the demands of a performance-oriented society and their effects on the performance individual, following Anders Petersen’s epidemic explanation; and by accelerating social change as described in Hartmut Rosa’s theory of the acceleration society. The personal meaning of getting a diagnosis is explored through Rosa’s model of self-interpretation, how people categorize themselves in Henri Tajfel and John Turner’s social identity approach, and how others categorize a person and attach stigma in Erving Goffman’s stigma theory. The discussion asks why fewer people than expected appear to have a formal diagnosis, even though the theories suggest an increase. Possible reasons include greater resilience, the balance between vulnerability and resilience, the absence of traumatic experiences, or resilience-promoting social conditions; that many keep pace with social acceleration; or that diagnostic terms are used in everyday life without medical verification. Finally, the thesis weighs potential benefits and drawbacks of being diagnosed: benefits may include an explanation for experienced differences, relief from guilt and shame, and using the diagnosis as an excuse; drawbacks may include feeling confined by a label and the risk of stigma. The thesis concludes by comparing similarities and differences among the theories across three themes.
[Dette resumé er genereret ved hjælp af AI]
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