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A master thesis from Aalborg University

Circle of Voices, a techno-anthropological venture among Quebec First Nations

Author(s)

Term

4. term

Education

Publication year

2019

Submitted on

2019-06-07

Pages

74 pages

Abstract

Circle of Voices er et treårigt forskningsprojekt, som involverer Abenaki-, Nehirowisiw/Atikamekw- og Wolastoq/Maliseetfolk i Quebec, Canada. Gennem unge kvinders og vidensbæreres stemmer adresseres First Nations’ kulturelle og identitetsmæssige samtidsforhold. Projektet fokuserer på to målsætninger: at underminere stereotype forestillinger om eller skadelige repræsentationer af oprindelige folk og at styrke den fortsatte opbygning af stolthed, håb og ukuelighed blandt oprindelige grupper gennem kulturel revitalisering. Kulturel revitalisering handler om at genvinde en arv, som er blevet fragmenteret gennem tid og rum, om at genoprette, hvad århundreder af imperialisme søgte at udrydde, ved at gendanne relationer til landet, til traditionelle praksisser, til trossystemer og til andre. Det indledende feltarbejde fra 2016 indeholdt biografiske narrativer, multimedieoptagelser af traditionelle praksisser og kreative samarbejdsaktiviteter såsom brugerinddragende fotografi, “sharing circles” og inter-generationelle danseworkshops. Alt dette etnografiske materiale blev tilrettelagt på en webside med ikke-lineær navigation (circleofvoices.com), som blev lanceret i december 2017. Forskningsrejsens sidste skridt indebar en tur tilbage til Quebec i efteråret 2018 for at præsentere websiden for deltagerne, lave opfølgende interviews og opnå nye indsigter. Dette speciale undersøger, hvordan projektet Circle of Voices frembringer og medierer antropologisk viden om kulturel revitalisering. Ved hjælp af feministisk videnskab og teknologistudier, aktør-netværksteori, post-fænomenologi og visuel antropologi undersøger jeg, hvordan brugen af ikke-menneskelige elementer – såsom fotografi, webdesign eller sociale medier – agerede som indflydelsesrige mediatorer i vidensproduktionen og relationsdannelsen til de deltagende oprindelige folk. Den dynamiske information, der opstår ved disse socio-tekniske møder, bliver derefter overført og klassificeret på websiden. Jeg undersøger, hvordan transformationen gennem digitale teknologier skaber bekymring om beskyttelsen af oprindelig kulturel arv og tingsliggørelsen af kontemporær oprindeligheds forskelligartede udtryk. Ud over dette anerkender jeg det intrikate væv af privilegier og undertrykkelse, mit arbejde og jeg selv – som hvid, fransk, kvindelig antropolog med aktivistiske engagementer – er situeret i. Således reflekterer specialet over indsigter og udfordringer ved samarbejde i kontemporære oprindelighedskontekster. Med dette skrivearbejde håber jeg at kunne øge opmærksomheden på kvinder og unge af First Nations’ aktuelle virkeligheder, idet jeg, med henblik på socio-politisk forandring, gør rede for mine eksperimenter med teknologiske redskaber og videnskabelige praksisser.

Circle of Voices is a three year research project involving Abenaki, Nehirowisiw/Atikamekw and Wolastoqiyik/Maliseet peoples in Quebec, Canada. It addresses the contemporary realities of First Nations’ cultures and identities through the voices of young women and knowledge holders. The project centers on two objectives: undermining stereotypical perceptions or harmful representations of Indigenous people, and enhancing the continuing rise of pride, hope and resilience among Indigenous groups through cultural revitalisation. Cultural revitalisation relates to re-claiming a heritage that is fragmented through time and space, to restoring that which centuries of imperialism tried to annihilate, in the form of regenerating relationships with the land, with ancestral practices, with belief systems and with others. The initial fieldwork from 2016 entailed biographical narratives, multimedia recordings of traditional practices and creative collaborative activities such as participatory photography, sharing circles and intergenerational dance workshops. All these ethnographic materials were arranged on a website with a non-linear navigation (circleofvoices.com) which was launched in December 2017. The last step of the research journey involved a return to Quebec in Autumn 2018 to present the website to the participants, conduct follow-up interviews and gain new insights. This thesis examines how the project Circle of Voices elicits and mediates anthropological knowledge about cultural revitalisation. Through the lenses of feminist science and technology studies, actor-network theory, post-phenomenology and visual/media anthropology, I investigate how the use of non-human elements - such as photography, web design, or social media - acted as influential mediators to the production of knowledge and shaping of relationships with Indigenous participants. The dynamic information that emerges from these socio-technical encounters is then transposed and classified on the website. I explore how transformations through digital technologies raise concerns around the protection of Indigenous cultural heritage and the reification of the diverse expressions of contemporary Indigeneity. Aside from this, conducting the project as a white, French, female anthropologist with activist engagement, I acknowledge the intricate webs of privilege and oppression where myself and my work are situated. In this light, the thesis reflects on the learnings and challenges of collaboration in contemporary Indigenous contexts. With this writing, I hope to raise awareness of the current realities of First Nations women and youth, unravelling my experiments with technological tools and scientific practices towards socio-political change.

Keywords

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