Author(s)
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2012
Submitted on
2012-06-04
Pages
122 pages
Abstract
Dette masterprojekt omhandler problematikken omkring kalk i produktionsstrømmen fra Tyra Feltet i Nordsøen, hvor reservoirformationen er kalkformation. Et litteraturstudie er udført m.h.p. at forklare mekanismen bag nogle voldsomme kalk slugs, og der gives en mulig forklaring i trykvariationer under skift fra injektion til produktion af gas. Enhedsoperationer til fjernelse af små kalkpartikler fra strømmen af produceret vand gennemgåes og diskuteres. Det foreslås at overveje brugen af centrifuger til vandbehandling, idet de, afhængigt af tørstofindholdet i vandet, kan fjerne partikler ned til 0,1µm, hvor traditionelle hydrocykloner kan fjerne partikler ned til 10µm. ζ-potentialet på kalkpartiklerne fastlægges, og det fastslåes at ioniske påvirkninger af produceret vand fra Tyra Feltet har en påvirkning på ζ-potentialet der skifter fortegn på værdien ved hhv. lav og høj pH. Der udføres en række forsøg og analyser, der viser en mulig forklaring på fænomenet ved at betragte ligevægtene og dannelsen af hhv.HCO3- ved lav pH og CaOH+ og MgOH+ ved høj pH. Samtidigt foreslås disse ionpar som potentiale bestemmende ioner for CaCO3. Det undersøges, om det er muligt at danne emulsioner af olie/vand/kalk blandinger og om tilstedeværelsen af små kalkpartikler har en stabiliserende effekt på de dannede emulsioner. Der opnås ikke resultater, der bekræfter en stabiliserende effekt af kalkpartiklerne i oile/vand/kalkpartikel blandingen, men det observeres at kalkpartiklerne kan trække olie ned i vandfasen. Der foretages mikroskopering af udtagne prøver der viser kalkpartikler fra vandfasen, der er omkranset af olie.
This master thesis treats the problematic of chalk particles in the production stream coming from the Tyra Field in the North Sea. The reservoir formation consists of chalk. A litterature survey is accomplished in order to explain the mechanism behind some massive chalk influxes observed, and a possible explanation is found to be pressure variations in the switch form injection to production of gas. Unit operations used for removal of small chalk particles from the stream of produced water is examined. A proposal for use of centrifuges for water treatment is made, since this technique, dependent on the volume of solids, can remove particles down to 0,1µm whereas normal hydro cyclones have a limit of 10µm. The ζ-potential of the chalk particles is determined, and an interaction of the ionic species on the ζ-potential is found. A shift in operational sign is seen at low and high values of pH respectively. A series of experiments and analyses gives a possible explanation of this phenomena by watching the equilibrium and formation of HCO3- at low pH and CaOH+ and MgOH+ at high pH. These found ionic species are proposed as potential determining ions for chalk. The possible formation of emulsions of oil/water/chalk solutions and the possible stabilizing effect of these by small chalk particles is examined. The results did not indicate clear evidence that chalk particles stabilize an emulsion of oil/water. The ability of chalk to drag oil from the oil phase to the water phase is observed. By examining samples of chalk taken from the water phase under the microscope, particles are found which are encircled in oil.
Documents
Colophon: This page is part of the AAU Student Projects portal, which is run by Aalborg University. Here, you can find and download publicly available bachelor's theses and master's projects from across the university dating from 2008 onwards. Student projects from before 2008 are available in printed form at Aalborg University Library.
If you have any questions about AAU Student Projects or the research registration, dissemination and analysis at Aalborg University, please feel free to contact the VBN team. You can also find more information in the AAU Student Projects FAQs.