CAUSES FOR THE RISE OF RADICAL ISLAMIC EXTREMISM
Author
Brzovic, Aron
Term
4. term
Publication year
2016
Submitted on
2016-05-30
Pages
67
Abstract
Radikal islamistisk ekstremisme er et komplekst emne, som ofte bliver fremstillet sensationelt i medierne og omgærdet af fordomme. Denne afhandling tager et skridt tilbage fra de dramatiske fortællinger for at undersøge, hvad der driver fænomenet, og hvordan det har spredt sig. Studiet følger udviklingen historisk fra tidlig middelalder over den wahhabitiske bevægelse og de moderne ideer hos Maulana Mawdudi og Sayyid Qutb frem til Afghanistan-krigen. Afghanistan markerer et vendepunkt, hvor disse strømninger for første gang fik global synlighed og tog form som et transnationalt projekt med tydelige ideologiske mål—udviklinger, der senere skulle nære Al-Qaeda og beslægtede grupper. Analytisk benytter afhandlingen New Social Movement Theory (en ramme, der ser på, hvordan kollektive identiteter, netværk og kultur former bevægelser) for at identificere fælles rødder og samlende træk, og Relative Deprivation Theory (hvordan oplevet uretfærdighed og frustration kan skabe mobilisering) for at vurdere klagers rolle. Den undersøger politiske, økonomiske, sociale og psykologiske baggrunde hos deltagerne for at skitsere identitetstyper i organisationerne og forstå, hvorfor nogle individer radikaliseres. Afhandlingen er tilrettelagt som en kronologisk gennemgang og inddrager også vestlige militære indsatser for at belyse, hvordan de krydser og muligvis påvirker udviklingsforløbene. Målet er at skabe et bedre grundlag for fremtidige tilgange og politikker og at afmystificere fænomenet.
Radical Islamic extremism is a complex topic that is often portrayed sensationally in the media and surrounded by prejudice. This thesis steps back from those narratives to examine what drives the phenomenon and how it has spread. It traces the historical development from early medieval contexts through the Wahhabi movement and the modern ideas of Maulana Mawdudi and Sayyid Qutb to the Afghanistan war. The Afghanistan conflict is presented as a turning point, when these currents first gained global visibility and took shape as a transnational project with clear ideological goals—developments that would later feed into Al-Qaeda and related groups. Analytically, the study uses New Social Movement Theory (a framework that examines how collective identities, networks, and culture shape movements) to identify common roots and unifying features, and Relative Deprivation Theory (how perceived injustice and frustration fuel mobilization) to assess the role of grievances. It examines the political, economic, social, and psychological backgrounds of participants to outline identity types within these organizations and to understand why some individuals radicalize. Presented as a chronological narrative, the thesis also reviews Western military interventions to explore how they intersect with and may have influenced these trajectories. The aim is to support better-informed future approaches and policies and to demystify the phenomenon.
[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]
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