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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Bridging the Circular Economy gap from theory to practical application: A Case Study on the Development & Integration of the Circular Product Development Tool

Translated title

Brobygning af cirkulær økonomi teori til praktisk anvendelse: En casestudie om udvikling og integration af 'Circular Product Development Tool'

Author

Term

4. Term

Publication year

2024

Submitted on

Pages

37

Abstract

Global attention to the Circular Economy (CE) has grown rapidly. From 2019 to 2024, discussions and publications almost tripled, yet a key circularity indicator—the share of secondary material use (reused, recycled, or repurposed materials)—fell from 9.1% in 2018 to 7.2% in 2023, a 21% decline over five years (Circle Economy Foundation, 2024). Although CE has become an industry ideal, companies still struggle to integrate and gain real value from available CE tools. Barriers are wide-ranging and complex, including regulatory hurdles, organisational resistance, knowledge translation challenges, infrastructure, and technical issues. This thesis follows the co-development and integration of the Circular Product Development Tool (CPDT) and examines where to draw the line between generalisation and customisation so a CE tool can be both scalable and usable. The tool was developed with Anthesis Netherlands, a consultancy focused on sustainable transitions and carbon offsets, and was co-developed and implemented at Contour Advanced Systems (CAS), a manufacturer specialising in modular data centres and intralogistics systems. The study analyses the CPDT co-development process—workshops, meetings, and Design Games (structured, game-like activities used to explore design choices)—to identify challenges, strategies, and opportunities for scaling circularity in manufacturing. Findings indicate that participatory design and the strategic use of boundary objects (shared artifacts or tools that different groups can understand and use) were crucial for overcoming organisational resistance and for balancing general solutions with necessary customisation. The CPDT project and this thesis result in a scalable, commercially viable consultancy service that combines sector-wide learning with tailored tools to support the manufacturing sector’s transition, and it provides a consolidated view of current barriers to CE implementation in the industry.

Diskussionen om cirkulær økonomi (CE) er steget kraftigt globalt. Fra 2019 til 2024 er debatter og artikler næsten tredoblet, men et centralt mål for cirkularitet – andelen af sekundært materialeforbrug (genbrugte, genanvendte eller ombyggede materialer) – faldt fra 9,1% i 2018 til 7,2% i 2023, et fald på 21% over fem år (Circle Economy Foundation, 2024). Selvom CE hurtigt er blevet et ideal i industrien, oplever virksomheder store vanskeligheder med at integrere og få reel værdi ud af de CE-værktøjer, der findes. Barriererne er mange og komplekse: fra regulatoriske hindringer og organisatorisk modstand til vidensoversættelse, infrastruktur og tekniske udfordringer. Denne afhandling følger samskabelsen og implementeringen af Circular Product Development Tool (CPDT) og undersøger, hvor balancen går mellem generalisering og tilpasning, når et CE-værktøj skal være både skalerbart og anvendeligt. Værktøjet er udviklet i samarbejde med Anthesis Netherlands, et konsulenthus med fokus på bæredygtige omstillinger og klimakompensation, og er samskabt og implementeret hos Contour Advanced Systems (CAS), en producent specialiseret i modulære datacentre og intralogistiksystemer. Studiet analyserer CPDT-projektets samskabelsesproces—herunder workshops, møder og Design Games (spil-lignende designøvelser)—for at identificere barrierer, strategier og muligheder for at skalere cirkularitet i fremstillingsindustrien. Analysen peger på, at deltagende design og strategisk brug af grænseobjekter (fælles artefakter eller værktøjer, som forskellige faggrupper kan forstå og bruge) var afgørende for at overvinde organisatorisk modstand og for at finde en hensigtsmæssig balance mellem generiske løsninger og nødvendig tilpasning. Resultatet af CPDT-projektet og denne afhandling er en skalerbar, kommercielt levedygtig konsulentydelse, der kombinerer sektordækkende læring med skræddersyede værktøjer til at understøtte en overgang i fremstillingsindustrien. Samtidig giver studiet en samlet gennemgang af de nuværende barrierer for implementering af CE i industrien.

[This apstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]